Journals >Advanced Fiber Materials
Contents
2025
Volume: 7 Issue 5
21 Article(s)
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Research Articles
Fiber Materials for Applications of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Qiaochu Chen, Yue Wang, Yongkang Xiong, Huawei Hu, Nan Meng, and Yaozu Liao
Electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing materials can effectively mitigate the issues arising from the development of electromagnetic technology, such as electromagnetic radiation, communication interference and information leakage. Fiber materials, with the advantages of lightweight, high aspect ratio and pronounced mechElectromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing materials can effectively mitigate the issues arising from the development of electromagnetic technology, such as electromagnetic radiation, communication interference and information leakage. Fiber materials, with the advantages of lightweight, high aspect ratio and pronounced mechanical properties, can enhance the scattering effect and transmission path of EMWs at reduced working thicknesses. Significant research efforts have been dedicated to fiber component modulation and microstructure design toward enhancing the effective absorption bandwidth and the dissipation of EMWs. This review summarizes the recent developments in EMW-absorbing fibers, including their absorption mechanisms, preparation methods, performance optimization and structural design. For inorganic EMW-absorbing fibers, their inherent dielectric properties allow the matrix to absorb EMWs, while doping with additional components further enhances impedance matching. In contrast, organic fibers, which generally lack intrinsic EMW-absorbing capabilities, require hybridization with various organic or inorganic functional materials and structural modifications to optimize EMW-absorbing performance. Finally, emerging trends and ongoing challenges in the development of EMW-absorbing fibers are discussed, with the goal of promoting their practical applications. This review gives new insights into the research of EMW-absorbing fibers and fabrics, which will significantly relieve the imminent concerns regarding electromagnetic radiation..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Apr. 28, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00522 (2025)
Tailoring Core-Spun Yarns of Biomass Nanofibrils Assembled via Wet Twisting for Energy Storage and Electrochromism
Huimin Zhou, Hongyou Chen, Hui Cao, Liangkui Peng, Yingqi Liu, XiuxiuZhang, Wenli Wang, Lu Cheng, Qufu Wei, and Xin Xia
To enhance the bonding strength between the active material and the core yarn current collector through nano-entanglement, bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotube (BC/CNT) nanofiber yarns were developed using in situ cultivation and wet twisting. This method utilizes the large specific surface area and abundant active funcTo enhance the bonding strength between the active material and the core yarn current collector through nano-entanglement, bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotube (BC/CNT) nanofiber yarns were developed using in situ cultivation and wet twisting. This method utilizes the large specific surface area and abundant active functional groups of BC-based nanofibers. Subsequently, V2O5/BC/CNT composite yarn electrodes were fabricated, exhibiting a core-sheath structure with excellent conformal characteristics. The influence of ultrasound duration on the conductivity and electrochromic performance of composite yarns was investigated. The initial discharge-specific capacity was recorded as 105.3 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 60.2% after 100 cycles. The composite yarn exhibited 100 reversible transitions between yellow and blue, with reduction and oxidation response times of 2.35 s and 3.3 s, respectively. The modulation amplitude at 532 nm during the initial cycle was 20.31%, and after 100 cycles, the modulation amplitude retention rate remained at 68%..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 18, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00544 (2025)
A Targeting Trained Immunity Nanofiber Scaffold for Large Bone Defect Repair
Jingdi Zhan, Zhuolin Chen, Junyan Liu, Qiming Pang, Mingjie Lei, Jiacheng Liu, Yang Song, Wei Huang, and Lili Dong
Modulating trained immunity while simultaneously initiating regenerative cues presents a significant challenge in large bone defect therapy. This study introduces a cell-free approach utilizing a 3D microenvironment-responsive scaffold to orchestrate immune reprogramming. To mitigate maladaptive trained immunity and acModulating trained immunity while simultaneously initiating regenerative cues presents a significant challenge in large bone defect therapy. This study introduces a cell-free approach utilizing a 3D microenvironment-responsive scaffold to orchestrate immune reprogramming. To mitigate maladaptive trained immunity and activate regenerative signaling, a composite fibrous scaffold is functionalized with immune-engineered exosomes derived from inflammation-primed mesenchymal stem cells (PSS-iEXO) in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive manner. The PSS-iEXO scaffolds incorporate boronic ester linkages as ROS-sensitive moieties, enabling rapid, dynamic, and “on-demand” exosome release in response to elevated ROS levels characteristic of the early inflammatory phase post-injury, thereby initiating regeneration. In vitro and in vivo analyses reveal that these scaffolds precisely target and modulate maladaptive trained immunity, reprogramming immune responses by shifting macrophage polarization from a hyperactivated type I phenotype to a balanced state while promoting CD4+ regulatory T cell activation—both critical for coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Mechanistic insights highlight the role of engineered exosomes in enhancing mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation in macrophages, establishing a cell-free immune-regenerative niche for large bone defect therapy. Schematic diagram of the fabrication, function, and mechanism of ROS-responsive 3D electrospun nanofiber scaffolds loaded with immunoengineered exosomes (PSS-iEXO) for promoting large bone repair..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: May. 12, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00548 (2025)
Advances in Electrospun Nanofibrous Aerogels: Pioneering Methods, Versatile Applications, and Future Horizons
Xiaochen Lu, Pengfei Lin, Yanglei Huang, Xinping He, Chunhai Yi, Jiawei Sun, Muhammad Usman Farid, Alicia Kyoungjin An, and Jiaxin Guo
As an emerging nanomaterial, nanofibrous aerogel possesses advantages such as low density, large specific surface area, low thermal conductivity, and high mechanical stability. Preparing nanofiber aerogels through electrospinning is an emerging research topic. This review focuses on the key fabrication techniques for eAs an emerging nanomaterial, nanofibrous aerogel possesses advantages such as low density, large specific surface area, low thermal conductivity, and high mechanical stability. Preparing nanofiber aerogels through electrospinning is an emerging research topic. This review focuses on the key fabrication techniques for electrospun nanofibrous aerogels, including freeze-drying, direct electrospinning, layer-by-layer stacking, and thermally induced self-agglomeration. In addition, by combining nanofibers’ distinctive properties and aerogels’ physical characteristics, nanofibrous aerogels demonstrate various potential academic and industrial applications, including thermal insulation, sound absorption, solar desalination, air filtration, oil–water separation, and biomedical engineering. This paper provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent advancements in electrospinning, summarizes the fabrication methods and applications of the most representative nanofibrous aerogels in recent years, and offers insights into nanofibrous aerogels’ challenges and prospects..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: May. 22, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00552 (2025)
Tunable Phase-Engineered Polyhydroxybutyrate Fibrous Mat: An Energy Autonomous, Temperature-Responsive Platform for Wearable Application
Kusum Sharma, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Asokan Poorani Sathya Prasanna, Muthukumar Perumalsamy, Anandhan Ayyappan Saj, Yeonkyeong Ryu, Ju-Hyuck Lee, Kwi-Il Park, and Sang-Jae Kim
Biodegradable and biocompatible organic polymers play a pivotal role in designing the next generation of wearable smart electronics, reducing electronic waste and carbon emissions while promoting a toxin-free environment. Herein, an electrospun fibrous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) organic mat-based, energy-autonomous, skiBiodegradable and biocompatible organic polymers play a pivotal role in designing the next generation of wearable smart electronics, reducing electronic waste and carbon emissions while promoting a toxin-free environment. Herein, an electrospun fibrous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) organic mat-based, energy-autonomous, skin-adaptable temperature sensor is developed, eliminating the need for additional storage or circuit components. The electrospun PHB mat exhibits an enhanced β-crystalline phase with a β/α phase ratio of 3.96 using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol as a solvent. Solvent and film processing techniques were tailored to obtain high-quality PHB films with the desired thickness, flexibility, and phase conversion. The PHB mat-based temperature sensor (PHB–TS) exhibits a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, with a sensitivity of - 2.94%/°C and a thermistor constant of 4676 K, outperforming pure metals and carbon-based sensors. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the enhanced β-phase PHB mat was fabricated, delivering an output of 156 V, 0.43 µA, and a power density of 1.71 mW/m2. The energy-autonomous PHB–TS was attached to the index finger to monitor temperature changes upon contact with hot and cold surfaces, demonstrating good reliability and endurance..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: May. 22, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00555 (2025)
Recent Advances of Aqueous Fiber-Shaped Zn Ion Batteries
Ting Xiong, Xiaowei Yan, Wenzhan Zhang, Yaoxin Zhang, Zhongchao Bai, and Huakun Liu
The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies. Among them, aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for portable and wearable applications. In particular, aqueous fiber-shaped ZThe rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies. Among them, aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for portable and wearable applications. In particular, aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs offer distinctive advantages, such as miniaturization, flexibility, and wearability, making them especially suitable for powering next-generation wearable devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs, focusing on the fabrication of fiber-based electrodes and various battery configurations. In addition, we highlight the evolution of fiber-shaped ZIBs from single-function to multi-function systems, exploring their potential for diverse applications. The review also addresses the key challenges in this field and discusses future research directions to drive the further development of aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00557 (2025)
Portable Multifunctional Optical Microfiber Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection, Cell Lysis and Efficient Intracellular microRNA Analysis
Pengwei Chen, Kaiyue Lin, Tao Hu, Haotian Wu, Xundi Zhan, Chenghao Zhao, Yunyun Huang, Anding Xu, and Bai-Ou Guan
The precise and rapid detection of micro-ribonucleic acid (microRNA) in the incipient stages of cancer can effectively elucidate the pathogenesis, migration, and development of tumors. Most of the current microRNA detection methods require large quantities of purified samples, labeling, extended incubation times, and cThe precise and rapid detection of micro-ribonucleic acid (microRNA) in the incipient stages of cancer can effectively elucidate the pathogenesis, migration, and development of tumors. Most of the current microRNA detection methods require large quantities of purified samples, labeling, extended incubation times, and cell lysis, leading to complex procedures that demand labor-intensive preparations and stringent experimental conditions. In this work, we develop a portable and multifunctional biosensor based on an optical microfiber for the detection of microRNA in the early stages of cancer. An innovative graphene oxide-supported bimetallic nanorod (GO-Au NR-Ag NR) interface is engineered on the surface of the optical microfiber to enhance sensor sensitivity for the early detection of ultralow concentrations of microRNA and to integrate cell lysis capabilities. With the enhancement of interface, the sensor is able to detect microRNA-21 at concentrations ranging from 10 zmol/L to 0.1 nmol/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25 amol/L. It is also capable of detecting microRNA-21 in body fluids, such as sweat and serum, with LODs of 0.5 amol/L and 0.9 amol/L, respectively. The nano-interface enables the use of photothermal effects by the microfiber to lyse cells and directly detect intracellular microRNA-21, significantly reducing sample extraction time and simplifying the extraction and detection process. This work provides a portable, ultrasensitive, compact, efficient, and non-invasive tool for point-of-care testing..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00562 (2025)
Hierarchically Engineered Silk Fibroin Nanotextiles with Spectral Selectivity and Asymmetric Nanostructure for Sustainable Personal Thermal-Wet Regulation
Zirong Li, Yun Yuan, Leilei Wu, Liying Qin, Man Zhou, Yuanyuan Yu, Qiang Wang, and Ping Wang
Passive cooling strategy with zero-energy consumption is effective in preventing people from heat stress. However, most of the existing radiative cooling textiles are fabricated with non-degradable hydrophobic synthetic polymers and lack the functions of sweat management. Herein, a hierarchically designed dual Janus naPassive cooling strategy with zero-energy consumption is effective in preventing people from heat stress. However, most of the existing radiative cooling textiles are fabricated with non-degradable hydrophobic synthetic polymers and lack the functions of sweat management. Herein, a hierarchically designed dual Janus nanofibrous textile with superior thermal-wet management capability is proposed by targeted selection of spinning solvents with different properties during electrospinning. The embedded Al2O3 nanoparticles and BN nanosheets in silk fibroin nanofibers endow the textile with high solar reflectivity (97.12%) and infrared emissivity (98.69%), alongside improved in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity (1.593 and 0.1187 W·K-1·m-1, respectively). Benefiting from the asymmetric characteristics of the two sides in terms of fiber diameter and wettability, the nanofibrous textile exhibits unparalleled water transport index ( $${\text{R}}$$ =1028.93%) and exceptional water vapor transmission rate (141.34 g·m-2·h-1). The textile integrates radiative cooling, rapid heat conduction, and unidirectional sweat evaporation, achieving a cooling effect exceeding 9 °C under direct sunlight when worn. Moreover, the Janus textile has good biocompatibility, satisfactory wearability and air breathability, ensuring its comfort in wearable applications. Computer simulations complement experimental results, providing insights into the deep-seated mechanisms of nanofiber formation, Mie scattering, and water transport. This innovative design offers promising prospects for the development of next-generation passive-cooling textiles. Highlights.
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jul. 25, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00563 (2025)
Hierarchical Synergistic Engineering for Machine Learning-Assisted Gesture Recognition and Integrated Thermal Management
Weili Zhao, Vuong Dinh Trung, Fang Li, Yinjia Zhang, Haoyi Li, Jun Natsuki, Jing Tan, Weimin Yang, and Toshiaki Natsuki
Flexible strain sensors are revolutionizing human–machine interactions and next-generation health care by enabling real-time monitoring of human motion and precision medical treatment. However, developing lightweight flexible strain sensors that combine high sensitivity with a broad monitoring range remains a significaFlexible strain sensors are revolutionizing human–machine interactions and next-generation health care by enabling real-time monitoring of human motion and precision medical treatment. However, developing lightweight flexible strain sensors that combine high sensitivity with a broad monitoring range remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, an advanced structural engineering strategy based on the sodium chloride (NaCl) template sacrificial method is employed to simultaneously increase sensitivity and mechanical robustness. By leveraging a NaCl template sacrificial method, a hierarchical synergistic conductive network is constructed within the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix formed via in situ growth. This design enables ultra-high sensitivity across a broad strain range, offering promising potential for wearable sensing applications. The resulting sensor exhibits exceptional performance characteristics, including a low detection limit (0.176%), high sensitivity (gage factor, GF = 331.7), wide sensing range (up to 230.1%), rapid response/recovery times (133 ms/133 ms), and remarkable durability exceeding 4000 cycles. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated excellent electrothermal conversion performance with a positive temperature coefficient of 0.00207 °C-1 and an achievable saturation temperature of 54.2 °C (1.0 A). Finally, the sensor was successfully integrated into a smart wearable system, enabling precise recognition and classification of multiple gestures through machine learning algorithms while also exhibiting significant potential for inflammation hyperthermia therapy..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: May. 28, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00565 (2025)
Battery-Free, Wireless, Multilevel Structure Fabric Pressure Sensing Belt for Imperceptible Sleep Monitoring
Peng Li, Kaiqi Guo, Jingjing Li, Han Wang, Kaiwen Xue, Hong Lin, Feihong Ran, Bo Zhang, Quanzhong Zhang, Fujing Xie, Yuanhang Xu, and Jin Yang
Mechanical fiber sensors that can be seamlessly integrated into traditional fabrics have significant potential for imperceptible sleep monitoring. Wet-spinning techniques are an effective method for fabricating fiber sensors. However, the sensors produced by this process have a single, homogeneous linear structure, whiMechanical fiber sensors that can be seamlessly integrated into traditional fabrics have significant potential for imperceptible sleep monitoring. Wet-spinning techniques are an effective method for fabricating fiber sensors. However, the sensors produced by this process have a single, homogeneous linear structure, which limits their high sensitivity and linearity to low-pressure ranges and presents challenges for stability. To address this issue, we propose an improved wet-spinning process for the large-scale production of a capacitive sensor that features both multilevel structure of varying heights and a core-sheath configuration (with commercial conductive yarn as the core and TPU as the sheath).Thanks to its multilevel structure, a multilevel structure fabric pressure sensing belt (MSFPSB) woven from this fiber sensor exhibits excellent linearity (R2 = 0.998) and sensitivity (0.077 kPa⁻1) over a pressure range of 3.3–30 kPa. Furthermore, the commercial conductive core ensures the sensor's stability after 4000 compression cycles. Additionally, we have developed a battery-free, wireless, stick-on-and-use-immediately data acquisition tag based on near-field communication (NFC). The tag works with a reader placed 5 cm away to imperceptibly monitor breathing, ballistocardiogram (BCG), and body motion signals during both work and sleep. This approach enhances the comfort of sleep monitoring and helps detect potential sleep disorders..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 26, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00566 (2025)
Bismuth-Nanosheet-Armed Pristine Silk Nanofiber Dressing for Multimodal Pathogenic Bacteria Eradication and Infected Wound Healing
Xiaoxue Gu, Yaojun Yu, Suting Zhong, Meidan Zheng, Meng Zhang, Jie Wang, Zongpu Xu, Quan Wan, Subhas C. Kundu, Mingying Yang, and Yajun Shuai
Traditional antibiotic-based therapies for treating infectious wounds often face challenges in balancing long-term biosafety, promoting wound healing, and effectively eradicating bacteria. Herein, we introduce an innovative "top-down" approach to fabricating one-dimensional (1D) pristine silk nanofibers (SNFsTraditional antibiotic-based therapies for treating infectious wounds often face challenges in balancing long-term biosafety, promoting wound healing, and effectively eradicating bacteria. Herein, we introduce an innovative "top-down" approach to fabricating one-dimensional (1D) pristine silk nanofibers (SNFs) by the gradual exfoliation of silk fibers, preserving their inherent semi-crystalline structure. These SNFs functioned as a robust template for the in situ growth of two-dimensional (2D) plum blossom-like bismuth nanosheets (BiNS), whose anisotropic morphology enhances bactericidal contact efficiency. The resulting BiNS-equipped SNFs (SNF@Bi) are assembled into membranes (SNFM@Bi) via vacuum filtration, showing superior biocompatibility, photothermal efficiency, and photodynamic activity. Furthermore, the acidic wound microenvironment or near-infrared (NIR) irradiation triggered the release of Bi3⁺, exhibiting nanoenzyme-mediated catalytic activity. This multimodal mechanism allows SNFM@Bi to eliminate over 99% of Staphylococcus aureus and 100% of Escherichia coli by disrupting biofilms, inducing lysis, and causing oxidative damage. In vivo evaluations demonstrated significant bacteria clearance, accelerated angiogenesis, and enhanced collagen deposition, contributing to rapid wound healing without systemic toxicity. Notably, SNFM@Bi detaches spontaneously after healing, avoiding chronic nanomaterial retention risks. This multifunctional antimicrobial platform offers a controllable, effective, and biocompatible therapeutic strategy for antimicrobial dressing design, with potential applications in biomedicine, environmental protection, and public health..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00568 (2025)
Rigorous Fireproofing, Thermal Protection, Graded Fire Alarm and Body Language Recognition: Designing Nano-Coated Aramid for Smart Firefighting Clothing
Xiang Dong, Yan Ma, Shidai Zhang, Caiyu Rong, Xiaoyu Jiang, Yan Li, Shibin Nie, and Konghu Tian
Smart firefighting clothing is in urgent need of rigorous fire resistance. Here, a novel 2D nanomaterial, silver nanoparticle@polydopamine@M(OH)(OCH3) (M=Co, Ni) (AgNP@PDA@M(OH)(OCH3)), was utilized to construct self-assembled nano-coated aramid fiber (NCANF). Through phase interface catalysis and high-temperature reduSmart firefighting clothing is in urgent need of rigorous fire resistance. Here, a novel 2D nanomaterial, silver nanoparticle@polydopamine@M(OH)(OCH3) (M=Co, Ni) (AgNP@PDA@M(OH)(OCH3)), was utilized to construct self-assembled nano-coated aramid fiber (NCANF). Through phase interface catalysis and high-temperature reduction, NCANF forms a distinctive “metal–carbon–air” honeycomb-like buffer that enables NCANF to withstand the butane flame (1300 °C) for at least 60 s, exceeding the performance of firefighting uniform (FU, Nomex) in service. In this process, the back temperature of NCANF decreased by more than 50% compared to FU, with a maximum difference of 236.1 °C. NCANF offers a rapid fire alarm response under 3 s with a maximum resistance change rate of 15%, and supports the graded indication using arithmetic amplifier circuit. NCANF maintained a maximum resistance change rate of approximately 63% during 50 repeated bends of the manipulator joint. Leveraging the relationship between the joint bending angle and resistance change rate, an “attitude code” system can be established as the initial parameter matrix of a neural network and can enable the recognition of the firefighters’ body language. NCANF well solves the problem of current smart firefighting clothing that lacks rigorous fireproofing and is promising to establish a linked rescue mode based on real-time on-site information collection..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jul. 09, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00569 (2025)
Three Birds with One Stone: Decoration of Carbon Fiber Fabric with MnO2 Nanoplates for Efficient Photo/Electro-thermal Evaporation of Seawater
Zhouliang Chen, Xiaolong Li, Tianwei Zhai, Zhigang Chen, Mohsen Salimi, Majid Amidpour, and Lisha Zhang
Photo/electro-thermal evaporation is a promising tactic for alleviating the scarcity of fresh water, but its practical application still faces many challenges such as weak photoabsorption, high vaporization enthalpy and serious water-electrolysis during photo-thermal/electrothermal evaporation. To solve these problems,Photo/electro-thermal evaporation is a promising tactic for alleviating the scarcity of fresh water, but its practical application still faces many challenges such as weak photoabsorption, high vaporization enthalpy and serious water-electrolysis during photo-thermal/electrothermal evaporation. To solve these problems, inspired by black rose petal and electric heater, we report a biomimetic design of fabric for achieving efficient photothermal/electrothermal desalination. The photo/electrothermal fabric is fabricated by decorating super-hydrophilic MnO2 nanoplates as shell on hydrophobic carbon fiber (CF) as core via an electro-deposition method. MnO2 nanoplate decoration as a stone confers three fascinating features (birds): (I) the hydrophilic nature of MnO2 contributes to the fabric’s superhydrophilicity and decreased evaporation enthalpy (2032 kJ kg-1) in comparison with that (2410 kJ kg-1) of pure water; (II) nanoplate structure confers the light-trapping effect and thus the improved photoabsorption efficiency of 95.1%; (III) CF-core/MnO2-shell structure can effectively suppress electrolysis of water and lead to good electrothermal conversion property. As a result, CF/MnO2 fabric-based hanging evaporator shows the high photo-thermal evaporation rate of 2.3 kg m-2 h-1 at 1 sun (1 kW m-2) and electrothermal evaporation rate of 5.3 kg m-2 h-1 at 3 V. Importantly, by the combined effects of 1 sun and 3 V, CF/MnO2 fabric achieves a striking synergetic evaporation rate of 8.5 kg m-2 h-1, exceeding the sum (7.5 kg m-2 h-1) of the individual photo-thermal and electro-thermal evaporation rates. The present high synergetic evaporation performance benefits from efficient photo/electrothermal conversion of the fabric and sufficient water-supplementation at the fiber-water interface resulting from thermosiphon effect. Thus, this study offers a novel possibility in the rational design of photo-electrothermal materials for efficient evaporation of seawater..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00570 (2025)
Multimaterial Shape Memory Polymer Fibers for Advanced Drug Release Applications
Xue Wan, Siyao Chen, Jingqi Ma, Chaoqun Dong, Hritwick Banerjee, Stella Laperrousaz, Pierre-Luc Piveteau, Yan Meng, Jinsong Leng, and Fabien Sorin
Stimuli-responsive polymers offer unprecedented control over drug release in implantable delivery systems. Shape memory polymer fibers (SMPFs), with their large specific surface area and programmable properties, present promising alternatives for triggerable drug delivery. However, the existing SMPFs face limitations iStimuli-responsive polymers offer unprecedented control over drug release in implantable delivery systems. Shape memory polymer fibers (SMPFs), with their large specific surface area and programmable properties, present promising alternatives for triggerable drug delivery. However, the existing SMPFs face limitations in resolution, architecture, scalability, and functionality. We introduce thermal drawing as a materials and processing platform to fabricate microstructured, multimaterial SMPFs that are tens of meters long, with high resolution (10 μm) and extreme aspect ratios (> 105). These novel fibers achieve highly controlled, sequential drug release over tailored time periods of 6 months. Post thermal drawing photothermal coatings enable accelerated, spatially precise drug release within 4 months and facilitate light-triggered, untethered shape recovery. The fibers’ fast self-tightening capability within 40 s shows their potential as smart sutures for minimally invasive procedures that deliver drugs simultaneously. In addition, the advanced multimaterial platform facilitates the integration of optical and metallic elements within SMP systems, allowing highly integrated fibers with shape memory attributes and unprecedented functionalities. This versatile technology opens new avenues for diverse biomedical applications, including implantable drug delivery systems, smart sutures, wound dressings, stents, and functional textiles. It represents a significant advancement in precise spatio-temporal control of drug delivery and adaptive medical devices..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 18, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00571 (2025)
Textile-Based Mechanoreceptor Array with Tunable Pressure Thresholds for Mutli-dimensional Detection in Healthcare Monitoring
Kitming Ma, Linlin Ma, Chengyu Li, Renbo Zhu, Jing Yang, Su Liu, and Xiaoming Tao
Mimicking human skin mechanoreceptors grouped by various thresholds creates an efficient system to detect interfacial stress between skin and environment, enabling precise human perception. Specifically, the detected signals are transmitted in the form of spikes in the neuronal network via synapses. However, current efMimicking human skin mechanoreceptors grouped by various thresholds creates an efficient system to detect interfacial stress between skin and environment, enabling precise human perception. Specifically, the detected signals are transmitted in the form of spikes in the neuronal network via synapses. However, current efforts replicating this mechanism for health-monitoring struggle with limitations in flexibility, durability, and performance, particularly in terms of low sensitivity and narrow detection range. This study develops novel soft mechanoreceptors with tunable pressure thresholds from 1.94 kPa to 15 MPa. The 0.455-mm-thin mechanoreceptor achieves an impressive on–off ratio of over eight orders of magnitude, up to 40,000 repeated compression cycles and after 20 wash cycles. In addition, the helical array reduces the complexity and port count, requiring only two output channels, and a differential simplification algorithm enables two-dimensional spatial mapping of pressure. This array shows stable performance across temperatures ranging from - 40 to 50 °C and underwater at depths of 1 m. This technology shows significant potential for wearable healthcare applications, including sensor stimulation for children and the elderly, and fall detection for Parkinson’s patients, thereby enhancing the functionality and reliability of wearable monitoring systems..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 16, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00572 (2025)
High-Strength and Thermal Insulating Polyimide Aerogel Fibers with Porous-Cortex-Dense-Core Structure Enabled by Hierarchical Phase Separation
Yao Yu, Tiantian Xue, Chenyu Zhu, Longsheng Zhang, Feili Lai, Wei Fan, and Tianxi Liu
Aerogel fibers with high porosity, low thermal conductivity and flexibility have shown great potential for applications in personal thermal management. However, the porous structure of aerogel fibers significantly compromises their mechanical properties like tensile strength. Here, we propose a high-strength polyimide Aerogel fibers with high porosity, low thermal conductivity and flexibility have shown great potential for applications in personal thermal management. However, the porous structure of aerogel fibers significantly compromises their mechanical properties like tensile strength. Here, we propose a high-strength polyimide aerogel fiber with porous-cortex-dense-core structure prepared via a coaxial wet-spinning based on hierarchical phase separation. Porous-cortex is formed due to fast phase separation rate induced by weak electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the fluorinated polyimide and the ethanol. In contrast, the poly(amic acid) with high polarity index in the core-layer exhibits a slow phase separation rate, allowing the fibers to produce a dense nanoporous structure. With the dense core undertaking stress and porous cortex hindering heat transfer, the obtained aerogel fiber exhibits a higher tensile strength of up to 55.2 MPa compared to most reported aerogel fibers (0.15 –30 MPa) and a low thermal conductivity of 37.2 mW m-1 K-1. This work offers a new way to prepare strong aerogel fibers and broadens their applications in thermal protection and infrared stealth..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 26, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00573 (2025)
A Single Fibre Strand Enables On-Body Computation
Haoyu Geng, Hailiang Wang, Wei Yan, and Meifang Zhu
Fibres are being rapidly developed into intelligent devices and systems. Through the integration of microelectronic chips and controllers within individual fibres, these systems can now perform advanced functionalities including sensing, data storage, computational processing, and wireless communication—all integrated Fibres are being rapidly developed into intelligent devices and systems. Through the integration of microelectronic chips and controllers within individual fibres, these systems can now perform advanced functionalities including sensing, data storage, computational processing, and wireless communication—all integrated into a single fibre. Recently, Fink et al. demonstrated a textile-integrated fibre computer that achieves these multifunctional capabilities while weighing less than 5 g. This breakthrough work provides novel design paradigms for the integration of fibres and electronics, transcending the conventional functional limitations of individual fibres and establishing new research directions in computational textiles..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 23, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00574 (2025)
Arterial Pulse Dynamics Monitoring via Ultrasensitive Sandwich Soft Electronics
Weili Zhao, Vuong Dinh Trung, Jun Natsuki, Jing Tan, Weimin Yang, and Toshiaki Natsuki
Flexible wearable electronics have garnered substantial attention as promising alternatives to traditional rigid metallic conductors, particularly for personal health monitoring and bioinspired skin applications. However, these technologies face persistent challenges, including low sensitivity, limited mechanical strenFlexible wearable electronics have garnered substantial attention as promising alternatives to traditional rigid metallic conductors, particularly for personal health monitoring and bioinspired skin applications. However, these technologies face persistent challenges, including low sensitivity, limited mechanical strength, and difficulty in capturing weak signals. To address these issues, this study developed a hierarchical sandwich-structured piezoresistive foam sensor using phase inversion and NaCl sacrificial templating methods. The sensor exhibits an exceptional sensitivity of up to 83.4 kPa⁻1 under an ultralow detection pressure of 2.43 Pa. By optimizing the foam porosity, its mechanical performance was significantly enhanced, reaching a tensile fracture elongation of 257.3% at 73.42% porosity. The hierarchical sandwich structure provided mechanical buffering and layer-enhancement functionalities for dynamic responses, whereas the nanostructure further refined signal acquisition and interference resistance. Signal analysis using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) enables multiscale and multifrequency characterization of arterial resistance signals under varying applied pressures. These findings underscore the sensor’s ability to capture weak signals and analyze complex pulse dynamics. This advancement paves the way for the extensive application of multifunctional sensors in smart devices and health care. This method offers a robust scientific basis for further understanding and quantifying arterial pulse characteristics..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 30, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00575 (2025)
Biomimetic Gradient Fibrous Aerogel Pressure Sensor Featuring Ultrawide Sensitive Range and Extraordinary Pressure Resolution for Machine Learning Enabled Posture Recognition
Gaoen Jia, Xiaoyan Yue, Lingmeihui Duan, Rui Yin, Caofeng Pan, Hu Liu, Chuntai Liu, and Changyu Shen
Achieving human skin-like sensitivity and wide-range pressure detection remains a significant challenge in the development of wearable pressure sensors. In this study, we engineered and fabricated a fibrous polyimide fiber (PIF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite aerogel with a gradient structure using a layer-by-layer frAchieving human skin-like sensitivity and wide-range pressure detection remains a significant challenge in the development of wearable pressure sensors. In this study, we engineered and fabricated a fibrous polyimide fiber (PIF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite aerogel with a gradient structure using a layer-by-layer freeze casting technique, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional pressure sensors. Finite element analysis (FEA) reveals that this innovative gradient structure mimics the unique microstructure of human skin, enabling the sensor to detect a broad spectrum of pressure stimuli, ranging from subtle pressures as low as 10 Pa to intense pressures up to 1.58 MPa with exceptional sensitivity. Moreover, the sensor exhibits extraordinary pressure resolution across the entire pressure range, particularly at 1 MPa (0.001%). Additionally, the sensor demonstrates remarkable thermal stability, operating reliably across a wide temperature range from - 150 to 200 °C, making it suitable for extreme environments such as deep space exploration. When integrated with machine learning algorithms, the sensor shows great potential for real-time physiological monitoring, fitness tracking, and motion recognition. The proposed gradient fibrous pressure sensor, with its high sensitivity and resolution over a wide pressure range, paves the way for new opportunities in human–machine interaction..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 18, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00576 (2025)
A Durable Self-pumping Textile with High Liquid Unidirectional Transport via an Interfacial Interlocking Strategy
Xiaobin Zhang, Xuetao Xu, Lianxin Shi, Yikai Zhang, Yuzhe Wang, and Shutao Wang
Wicking textiles are known to be superior to conventional textiles in body sweat management. However, many existing wicking textiles suffer inadequate durability and perspiration performance after repeated abrasion and washing. Herein, an interfacial interlocking strategy was demonstrated to prepare a durable self-pumpWicking textiles are known to be superior to conventional textiles in body sweat management. However, many existing wicking textiles suffer inadequate durability and perspiration performance after repeated abrasion and washing. Herein, an interfacial interlocking strategy was demonstrated to prepare a durable self-pumping textile with strong interfacial adhesion (up to 21.47 ± 1.73 N/cm) between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. Unlike conventional transfer prints, the sequenced combination of powder-patterning and hot-pressing enables the in situ formation of the interfacial interlocking structures between the hydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) layer with the cotton fabric. The durable self-pumping textiles exhibit excellent abrasion-proof performance and enduring liquid unidirectional transport compared with the commercial wicking textiles. Furthermore, they show a liquid unidirectional transport capacity of (1385 ± 155)%, much higher than the previously reported wicking textiles. This work provides valuable insights for developing future high-performance wicking textiles, emphasizing enhanced liquid transport efficiency, and durability in demanding conditions..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jul. 01, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00577 (2025)
Noninquilibrium Evaporation-Driven Preparation of Nanofiber Membranes with Streamlined Structures for Ultraefficient Gas‒Solid Separation
Nianlong Cheng, Haonan Xue, Zhigang Chen, Shasha Feng, Yutang Kang, Zhaoxiang Zhong, and Weihong Xing
Filtration materials are designed with nanofibrous structures to address the trade-off effect between filtration efficiency and resistance. However, achieving a breakthrough in these performance metrics remains challenging. Inspired by the white stork wing, we present a novel rod‒ribbon interwoven nanofiber membrane wiFiltration materials are designed with nanofibrous structures to address the trade-off effect between filtration efficiency and resistance. However, achieving a breakthrough in these performance metrics remains challenging. Inspired by the white stork wing, we present a novel rod‒ribbon interwoven nanofiber membrane with ultraefficient filtration efficiency for PM. The silica (SiO2)/tin dioxide (SnO2) hybrid membrane was fabricated using a one-step electrospinning approach, where its unique structure was formed under the influence of solvent nonequilibrium evaporation during the electrospinning process. The optimized interwoven structure enables the membranes to achieve an outstanding filtration efficiency of 99.96% for PM0.3 at an airflow velocity of 5.33 cm/s while maintaining a minimal pressure drop of 62 Pa ( $$Q_{{\text{f}}}$$ = 0.12 Pa-1). The mechanisms underlying the material's formation and the enhancement of its filtration performance were systematically analyzed. Consequently, this study provides novel insights and methodologies for developing high-performance air filtration materials, thereby supporting the strategic objectives of low-carbon development..
Advanced Fiber Materials
- Publication Date: Jun. 26, 2025
- Vol. 7, Issue 5, 00578 (2025)
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