Journals >Advanced Photonics Nexus
Contents
2025
Volume: 4 Issue 5
17 Article(s)
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Reviews
Recent developments of micro-scaled LED-based technologies and mechanisms in the fields of healthcare
He Huang, Longting He, Shirui Cai, Yuxuan Liu, Xiaokuo He, Xinxin Zheng, Shouqiang Lai, Tingzhu Wu, and Zhong Chen
Micro-scaled light-emitting diode (LED) technology has emerged as a transformative tool in biomedical applications, offering innovative solutions across disease surveillance, treatment, and symptom rehabilitation. In disease surveillance, micro-scaled LEDs enable real-time, noninvasive monitoring of physiological paramMicro-scaled light-emitting diode (LED) technology has emerged as a transformative tool in biomedical applications, offering innovative solutions across disease surveillance, treatment, and symptom rehabilitation. In disease surveillance, micro-scaled LEDs enable real-time, noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters through wearable devices, such as skin-like health patches and wireless pulse oximeters; these systems leverage the miniaturization, low power consumption, and high precision of micro-scaled LEDs to track heart rate, blood oxygenation, and neural activity with exceptional accuracy. For disease treatment, micro-scaled LEDs play a pivotal role in optogenetic stimulation and phototherapy. By delivering specific light wavelengths, they enable precise cellular control for cardiac regeneration, neural modulation, and targeted cancer therapies, such as photodynamic therapy with reduced invasiveness. In addition, wireless micro-scaled LED systems facilitate localized and sustained treatments for conditions such as diabetic retinopathy. For symptom rehabilitation, micro-scaled LED-based devices enhance functional and aesthetic outcomes, exemplified by optical cochlear implants for high-resolution hearing restoration and flexible photostimulation patches for hair regrowth. The performance of micro-scale LEDs also brings new possibilities to the field of brain–computer interface. These applications highlight the versatility of micro-scaled LEDs in improving patient quality of life through minimally invasive, energy-efficient, and biocompatible solutions. Although there are still challenges in long-term stability and scalability, the integration of micro-scaled LEDs with advanced biomedical technologies promises to redefine personalized healthcare and therapeutic efficacy..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Sep. 03, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 054001 (2025)
Research Articles
Visible light red, green, and blue multiplexer by sputter-deposited thin-film lithium niobate
Atsushi Shimura, Jiro Yoshinari, Hiroki Hara, Hiroshi Take, Tetsuya Mino, Shigeru Mieda, Takashi Kikukawa, Katsumi Kawasaki, Yasuhiro Takagi, and Hideaki Fukuzawa
Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) possesses great potential because it enables high-speed modulation by voltage, which allows higher resolution and lower power consumption for laser beam scanning than direct laser modulation. To achieve these functions, a red, green, and blue (RGB) multiplexer using TFLN is required as Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) possesses great potential because it enables high-speed modulation by voltage, which allows higher resolution and lower power consumption for laser beam scanning than direct laser modulation. To achieve these functions, a red, green, and blue (RGB) multiplexer using TFLN is required as an important building block for photonic integrated circuits. We fabricated an RGB multiplexer using TFLN and experimentally confirmed its operation. Three different laser lights of red (λ = 638 nm), green (λ = 520 nm), and blue (λ = 473 nm) were successfully coupled as a single laser beam by an RGB multiplexer composed of multimode interferometers. Furthermore, the TFLN was fabricated by sputter deposition, whereas conventionally, it is fabricated via bulk-lithium niobate adhesion to the substrate. The sputter-deposited TFLN is advantageous for large-volume mass production..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Jul. 25, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056001 (2025)
Snapshot multispectral imaging through defocusing and a Fourier imager network
Xilin Yang, Michael John Fanous, Hanlong Chen, Ryan Lee, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Yuhang Li, Luzhe Huang, Yijie Zhang, and Aydogan Ozcan
Multispectral imaging, which simultaneously captures the spatial and spectral information of a scene, is widely used across diverse fields, including remote sensing, biomedical imaging, and agricultural monitoring. We introduce a snapshot multispectral imaging approach employing a standard monochrome image sensor with Multispectral imaging, which simultaneously captures the spatial and spectral information of a scene, is widely used across diverse fields, including remote sensing, biomedical imaging, and agricultural monitoring. We introduce a snapshot multispectral imaging approach employing a standard monochrome image sensor with no additional spectral filters or customized components. Our system leverages the inherent chromatic aberration of wavelength-dependent defocusing as a natural source of physical encoding of multispectral information; this encoded image information is rapidly decoded via a deep learning-based multispectral Fourier imager network (mFIN). We experimentally tested our method with six illumination bands and demonstrated an overall accuracy of 98.25% for predicting the illumination channels at the input and achieved a robust multispectral image reconstruction on various test objects. This deep learning-powered framework achieves high-quality multispectral image reconstruction using snapshot image acquisition with a monochrome image sensor and could be useful for applications in biomedicine, industrial quality control, and agriculture, among others..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Aug. 04, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056002 (2025)
Wide-field mid-infrared cavity-enhanced upconversion imaging
Yue Song, Jia'nan Fang, Wen Zhang, Yijing Li, Ben Sun, Zhiwei Jia, Kun Huang, and Heping Zeng
Mid-infrared (MIR) spectral imaging enables precise target identification and analysis by capturing rich chemical fingerprints, which calls for high-sensitivity broadband MIR imagers at room temperature. Here, we devise and implement a continuous-wave pumping MIR upconversion imaging system based on external-cavity enhMid-infrared (MIR) spectral imaging enables precise target identification and analysis by capturing rich chemical fingerprints, which calls for high-sensitivity broadband MIR imagers at room temperature. Here, we devise and implement a continuous-wave pumping MIR upconversion imaging system based on external-cavity enhancement, which favors a large field of view, a low cavity loss, and a high spectral resolution. The involved optical cavity is constructed in an integrated fashion by utilizing one crystal facet as a cavity mirror, which allows a 43-fold power enhancement for the single-longitudinal-mode pump at 1064 nm. In combination with the chirped-poling crystal design, high-fidelity and wide-field spectral imaging mapping is permitted to facilitate an acceptance angle of up to 28.5 deg over a spectral coverage of 2.5 to 5 μm. Moreover, a thermal locking approach is used to stabilize the cavity at high-power operation, eliminating active feedback and ensuring long-term stability. A proof-of-principle demonstration is presented to showcase real-time observation of CO2 gas injection dynamics. The implemented MIR upconversion imager features wide-field operation, high detection sensitivity, and compact footprint, which would benefit subsequent applications, including environment monitoring, gas leakage inspection, and medical diagnostics..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Aug. 07, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056003 (2025)
Converting a conventional camera to a super-camera: directional atmospheric scattering modeling for passive imaging in intense real-world scattering scenarios | Editors' Pick
Yihui Fan, Xin Jin, Shun Zou, and Haiyang Yu
Passive imaging through intense atmospheric scattering is a critical yet formidable challenge in optical imaging, with profound implications across various applications. Conventional cameras struggle under severe scattering conditions, fundamentally limiting their effectiveness. We propose a groundbreaking directional Passive imaging through intense atmospheric scattering is a critical yet formidable challenge in optical imaging, with profound implications across various applications. Conventional cameras struggle under severe scattering conditions, fundamentally limiting their effectiveness. We propose a groundbreaking directional atmospheric scattering model that revolutionizes passive imaging capabilities, converting a conventional camera to a super-camera. The model precisely characterizes directional photon propagation through scattering media, transforming this historically ill-posed problem into a well-posed solution, based on which a 4D spatial-angular scattering reconstruction method is proposed, which leverages both ballistic photons and directionally resolved scattered light, without relying on any scene-specific priors, to achieve unprecedented passive imaging performance enabling color imaging through over 12 transport mean free paths at distances up to 1.76 km. Our system recovers targets contributing as little as 0.00016% of the total detected signal, enhancing a standard camera’s signal recovery capacity by nearly 200×. To validate our approach, we introduce the first-ever real-world multiperspective scattering dataset, providing a critical benchmark for future research. We mark a paradigm shift in passive imaging, offering transformative potential for real-world applications under extreme atmospheric scattering conditions..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Aug. 18, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056004 (2025)
Chip-scale wavelength-domain optical Ising machine
Xinyu Liu, Wenkai Zhang, Wenguang Xu, Hailong Zhou, Ming Li, Jianji Dong, and Xinliang Zhang
Ising problems are critical for a wide range of applications. Solving these problems on a photonic platform takes advantage of the unique properties of photons, such as high speed, low power consumption, and large bandwidth. Recently, there has been growing interest in using photonic platforms to accelerate the optimizIsing problems are critical for a wide range of applications. Solving these problems on a photonic platform takes advantage of the unique properties of photons, such as high speed, low power consumption, and large bandwidth. Recently, there has been growing interest in using photonic platforms to accelerate the optimization of Ising models, paving the way for the development of ultrafast hardware in machine learning. However, these proposed systems face challenges in simultaneously achieving high spin scalability, encoding flexibility, and low system complexity. We propose a wavelength-domain optical Ising machine that utilizes optical signals at different wavelengths to represent distinct Ising spins for Ising simulation. We design and experimentally validate a chip-scale Ising machine capable of solving classical non-deterministic polynomial-time problems. The proposed Ising machine supports 32 spins and features 2 distinct coupling encoding schemes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of scaling the system to 256 spins. This approach verifies the viability of performing Ising simulations in the wavelength dimension, offering substantial advantages in scalability. These advancements lay the groundwork for future large-scale expansion and practical applications in cloud computing..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Aug. 18, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056005 (2025)
Purcell-enhanced picosecond emission in semiconducting 4H/6H-SiC monocrystalline nanowire forest microcavity
Xueli Sun, Qin Ling, Ruonan Miao, Huaxin Wu, and Jiyang Fan
Silicon carbide (core third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductor) nanowires have superior characteristics and vital engineering potential in microelectric and photonic devices operating in harsh high-temperature and strong-irradiation environments. Herein, the dense monocrystalline forest-like 4H- and 6H-SiC nanowiresSilicon carbide (core third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductor) nanowires have superior characteristics and vital engineering potential in microelectric and photonic devices operating in harsh high-temperature and strong-irradiation environments. Herein, the dense monocrystalline forest-like 4H- and 6H-SiC nanowires (intrinsically bound as a single crystal) are fabricated using the top–down peeling method. They exhibit broadband light emissions spanning the red–green–blue spectral region. The naturally formed microcavity encapsulating the SiC nanowires yields discrete and multimodal emission lines; the luminescence lifetimes decrease to the order of picoseconds owing to improved photon density of states in the microcavity by the quantum electrodynamic Purcell effect. The measured Purcell factor of 8.35 agrees well with the theoretical value of 8.6. The low-temperature luminescence and work functions show significant dependence on the nanowire polytype. The luminescence exhibits peculiar staircase-function enhancement when the temperature is elevated to 200 K, owing to suppression of nonradiative transition channels..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Aug. 20, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056006 (2025)
Learning from better simulation: creating highly realistic synthetic data for deep learning in scattering media
Bozhen Zhou, Zhitao Hao, Zhenbo Ren, Edmund Y. Lam, Jianshe Ma, and Ping Su
Obtaining the ground truth for imaging through the scattering objects is always a challenging task. Furthermore, the scattering process caused by complex media is too intricate to be accurately modeled by either traditional physical models or neural networks. To address this issue, we present a learning from better simObtaining the ground truth for imaging through the scattering objects is always a challenging task. Furthermore, the scattering process caused by complex media is too intricate to be accurately modeled by either traditional physical models or neural networks. To address this issue, we present a learning from better simulation (LBS) method. Utilizing the physical information from a single experimentally captured image through an optimization-based approach, the LBS method bypasses the multiple-scattering process and directly creates highly realistic synthetic data. The data can then be used to train downstream models. As a proof of concept, we train a simple U-Net solely on the synthetic data and demonstrate that it generalizes well to experimental data without requiring any manual labeling. 3D holographic particle field monitoring is chosen as the testing bed, and simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique for imaging of complex scattering media. The proposed method lays the groundwork for reliable particle field imaging in high concentration. The concept of utilizing realistic synthetic data for training can be significantly beneficial in various deep learning-based imaging tasks, especially those involving complex scattering media..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Aug. 26, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056007 (2025)
Circular interleaving scan OCT enhances motion-contrast for 360 deg large-field iris angiography
Gongpu Lan, Delie Kong, Qun Shi, Zhipeng Wei, Jingjiang Xu, Yanping Huang, Jia Qin, Lin An, Michael D. Twa, and Xunbin Wei
In vivo imaging of human iris vasculature remains a persistent challenge, limiting our understanding of its relationship with ocular disease pathogenesis. Conventional raster scan optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) suffers from angular-dependent contrast (including blind spots), limited field of view, and In vivo imaging of human iris vasculature remains a persistent challenge, limiting our understanding of its relationship with ocular disease pathogenesis. Conventional raster scan optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) suffers from angular-dependent contrast (including blind spots), limited field of view, and prolonged imaging time—challenges that restrict its clinical utility. We introduce a circular interleaving scan OCTA method that overcomes these barriers by enabling 360 deg high-contrast iris angiography with consistent spatiotemporal sampling and optimized motion contrast. The circular scan design enables direction-optimized sampling: we configured circumferential sampling density to approximately twice the radial density, enhancing detection of radially oriented iris vasculature. A Cartesian–polar coordinate transformation was implemented for eye-motion compensation, vessel realignment, and vasculature reconstruction. Compared with raster scan OCTA, our circular scan protocol demonstrates 1.55× higher efficiency in iris vascular imaging, featuring a superior duty cycle (99.95% versus 82.00%) and eliminating redundant data acquisition from rectangular field corners (27.3% of the circular area). This method improves vessel density measurement by 39.0% and vessel count quantification by 25.2% relative to raster scans. By eliminating angular-dependent blind spots, our method significantly enhances vascular quantification reliability, paving the way to a better understanding of ocular diseases and holding promising potential for future clinical applications..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Sep. 17, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056008 (2025)
Generation of sub-three-cycle pulses via double-stage all-fiber nonlinear compression from a thulium-doped fiber laser
Yan Wu, Yu Cai, Guoqing Zhou, Jintao Fan, Youjian Song, Shiying Cao, and Minglie Hu
We demonstrate few-cycle pulse generation based on double-stage all-fiber nonlinear pulse compression from a thulium-doped fiber laser at a repetition rate of ∼199.74 MHz. The homemade laser provides an average power of 130 mW, serving as the seed for subsequent amplification. After amplification, significant spectral We demonstrate few-cycle pulse generation based on double-stage all-fiber nonlinear pulse compression from a thulium-doped fiber laser at a repetition rate of ∼199.74 MHz. The homemade laser provides an average power of 130 mW, serving as the seed for subsequent amplification. After amplification, significant spectral broadening to an octave-spanning bandwidth (1.2 to 2.4 μm) is attained through self-phase modulation-dominated nonlinear effects in an ultrahigh numerical aperture fiber and a highly nonlinear fiber. Followed by a two-stage nonlinear compressor, the system directly delivers near transform-limited pulses with a pulse duration of 19.8 fs (2.9 cycles at a central wavelength of 2000 nm) and a pulse energy of 3.37 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this result is the shortest pulse duration directly generated from a thulium-doped fiber laser. This robust and simplified all-fiber system provides a promising route toward practical mid-infrared frequency comb generation and mid-infrared spectroscopy..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Sep. 17, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056009 (2025)
Homodyne coherent inter-satellite communications with IM/DD comparable DSP | Editors' Pick
Junda Chen, Kun Li, Tianjin Mei, Mingming Zhang, Zihe Hu, Jiajun Zhou, Chen Liu, Ming Tang, and Peter A. Andrekson
The rapid development of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication networks imposes stringent bandwidth, cost, and power consumption requirements. Conventional intradyne detection (ID) architectures struggle with high Doppler frequency shifts (DFSs), necessitating excessive sampling rates and complex digital signalThe rapid development of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication networks imposes stringent bandwidth, cost, and power consumption requirements. Conventional intradyne detection (ID) architectures struggle with high Doppler frequency shifts (DFSs), necessitating excessive sampling rates and complex digital signal processing (DSP), resulting in elevated power consumption. This study proposes an inter-satellite polarization division multiplexing self-homodyne detection (PDM-SHD) architecture that compensates for DFSs in the optical domain by co-transmitting a polarization-orthogonal carrier light. The proposed architecture could achieve Nyquist sampling and half-quantization noise, leading to a 53.9% reduction in analog-to-digital converter power consumption under 40 Gbps 16-QAM transmission with a 16 dB signal-to-noise ratio. By demodulating I / Q axis signals independently with real-valued single-input single-output (SISO) processing, it requires only about 15% DSP complexity and achieves intensity-modulation and direct-detection comparable. SISO processing also has the potential to transmit I and Q components from separate devices or satellites, enabling a flexible satellite communication network. The results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves detection sensitivities of -40.8 dBm for 80 Gbps quadrature phase-shift keying transmission and -33.0 dBm for 160 Gbps 16-QAM transmission with Nyquist sampling, whereas the ID architecture can hardly work. The proposed architecture effectively balances satellite power constraints with DSP computational demands for high-speed mega-constellation communications..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Oct. 02, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056010 (2025)
Machine learning multitarget optimization for ultrashort pulse nonlinear dynamics in optical fibers
Liang Zhao, Senyu Wang, Hao Lei, Hongyu Luo, Jianfeng Li, and Yong Liu
The design and optimization of nonlinear fiber laser sources, such as soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) tunable sources and supercontinuum (SC) sources, have traditionally relied on manual tuning and simulations, posing challenges for real-time applications. Machine learning has shown promise in fiber nonlinear propaThe design and optimization of nonlinear fiber laser sources, such as soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) tunable sources and supercontinuum (SC) sources, have traditionally relied on manual tuning and simulations, posing challenges for real-time applications. Machine learning has shown promise in fiber nonlinear propagation characterization, but the optimization and design of nonlinear systems remain relatively unexplored, especially under multitarget optimization conditions. In this paper, we propose a method that combines deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and deep neural network (DNN) to achieve fast synchronization optimization of ultrafast pulse nonlinear propagation in optical fibers under multitarget optimization tasks, with applications demonstrated in complex SSFS and SC generation systems in the mid-infrared band. The results indicate that a set of optimization parameters can be obtained in a few seconds, enabling rapid, automated tuning of pulse parameters in pursuit of diverse optimization objectives. This integration of DRL and DNN models holds transformative potential for the real-time optimization of not only fiber lasers but also a wide variety of complex photonic systems, paving the way for intelligent, adaptive optical system design and operation..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Oct. 06, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056011 (2025)
High-speed and low-latency optical feature extraction engine based on diffraction operators | On the Cover
Run Sun, Yuemin Li, Tingzhao Fu, Yuyao Huang, Wencan Liu, Zhenmin Du, Sigang Yang, and Hongwei Chen
Feature extraction in the optical domain offers a promising low-latency, high-throughput solution. Optical diffraction-based feature extraction operating under a coherent light source can further achieve parallel outputs with low energy consumption. However, it presents significant challenges for maintaining the cohereFeature extraction in the optical domain offers a promising low-latency, high-throughput solution. Optical diffraction-based feature extraction operating under a coherent light source can further achieve parallel outputs with low energy consumption. However, it presents significant challenges for maintaining the coherent input, scaling the operation rates beyond 10 GHz, and ensuring the effective extraction of functional configuration simultaneously. We propose an optical feature extraction engine (OFE2), which is composed of a diffraction operator and a data preparation module, powering high-speed feature extraction for both image and temporal series tasks. This OFE2 can achieve a core latency of less than 250.5 ps; in addition, it can reach a throughput of 250 GOPS and an efficiency of 2.06 TOPS/W. Supported by the OFE2, a novel feature extraction paradigm is emerging, enabling high-speed, low-latency service access for applications in scene recognition, medical assistance, and digital finance..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Oct. 08, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056012 (2025)
Direct generation of 1120-nm region mode-locked laser based on Yb-doped fiber with phase-biasing technology
Ruichen Zhang, Mingyue He, Jing Su, Yongjia Yao, Xinyun Yang, Luming Song, Hang Wang, Kunchi Li, and Zhipeng Dong
Ytterbium (Yb)-based mode-locked fiber lasers have undergone significant development and found widespread applications owing to their high efficiency, compact size, and low cost. However, these lasers typically operate within the 1030 to 1080 nm range, and expanding their operational wavelength is crucial for applicatiYtterbium (Yb)-based mode-locked fiber lasers have undergone significant development and found widespread applications owing to their high efficiency, compact size, and low cost. However, these lasers typically operate within the 1030 to 1080 nm range, and expanding their operational wavelength is crucial for applications across various fields. We present the direct generation of a mode-locked laser at 1120.06 nm using an all-polarization-maintaining structure, establishing the longest wavelength reported to date for Yb-doped fiber-based mode-locked lasers. A stable picosecond pulse laser at 1120 nm was realized by combining high-concentration Yb-doping and phase-biasing technology within a figure-9 cavity configuration. The laser delivers a pulse duration of 6.20 ps, a spectral width of 0.19 nm centered at 1120.06 nm, and a repetition rate of 21.52 MHz and reaches a maximum output power of 1.39 W via a double-cladding Yb fiber power amplifier in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration. Furthermore, we present a theoretical investigation of the laser performance, with simulation results aligning well with experimental findings. In addition, a 560.06-nm ultrafast yellow-green laser was generated through frequency doubling in a lithium triborate crystal. We present an approach for long-wavelength Yb-doped mode-locked lasers, with the potential to advance the development and application of Yb-based fiber lasers..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056013 (2025)
GLSaT: a spectral-aware transformer-based network enabling highly efficient and precise inverse design in metasurface optical filters
Jiahui Liao, Xucong Bian, Xiang’ai Cheng, Quanjiang Li, Yuting Jiang, Shaozhen Lou, Haoqian Wang, Zixiao Hua, Teng Li, Jiangbin Zhang, Zhongjie Xu, Yueqiang Hu, and Zhongyang Xing
The traditional forward design process of metasurface optical filters is computationally costly and time-consuming; therefore, inverse design based on deep learning (DL) can help accelerate the process. We propose the global- and local-spectrum-aware transformer (GLSaT), a DL model that concerns the intrinsic correlatiThe traditional forward design process of metasurface optical filters is computationally costly and time-consuming; therefore, inverse design based on deep learning (DL) can help accelerate the process. We propose the global- and local-spectrum-aware transformer (GLSaT), a DL model that concerns the intrinsic correlations within the spectral sequences, compensating the drawbacks of current networks that only focus on structure-to-spectrum mappings. With both inter- and intra-fragment attention mechanisms implemented, the GLSaT achieves 32.9% higher accuracy than fully connected networks in our reflection tests. It also demonstrates an inherent balance between predictive precision and computational efficiency, outperforming alternative architectures. Furthermore, our extensive experimental validations demonstrate its generalization capability across diverse metasurface functionalities. The GLSaT architecture shows great potential for enhancing the efficiency of data-driven metasurface inverse design in the future..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Oct. 11, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056014 (2025)
High-sensitivity Er3+/Yb3+:La2O3-TiO2-Ga2O3-ZrO2 optical temperature sensors under high magnetic field
Yanzhuo Wang, Jun Wu, Jiqi Lu, Enze Kang, Xichen Xu, Qiuming Fu, Shenggao Wang, Zhibin Ma, Wubin Dai, Yibo Han, and Hongyang Zhao
Optical temperature sensor materials face great challenges in terms of temperature measurement sensitivity and applicability in extreme environments. To overcome these problems, Er3 + / Yb3 + co-doped La2O3-TiO2-Ga2O3-ZrO2 (LTGZ) glasses were designed and synthesized using the aerodynamic levitation method. In the glasOptical temperature sensor materials face great challenges in terms of temperature measurement sensitivity and applicability in extreme environments. To overcome these problems, Er3 + / Yb3 + co-doped La2O3-TiO2-Ga2O3-ZrO2 (LTGZ) glasses were designed and synthesized using the aerodynamic levitation method. In the glass system, the strongest intensity of upconversion luminescence was measured on 3.0Yb3 + / 0.5Er3 + (mole fraction) co-doped LTGZ glasses. In the temperature range of 300 to 700 K, the maximum relative and absolute sensitivities were 2.71 % and 0.56 % K - 1, respectively. The temperature reliability was proved through variable temperature cycling tests. More importantly, to our knowledge, it is the first time to investigate the optical temperature measurement capability under a high magnetic field in this as-designed sensor. By applying the magnetic field up to 42 T, the relative sensitivity changes from 1.79 % to 1.58 % K - 1, revealing that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor remains stable even in high magnetic fields. The results of the study provide a reference for the selection of temperature measurement materials in the field of optical temperature sensing, and the designed temperature sensor can be used for temperature measurement in extreme environments, especially in strong magnetic field conditions, which provides an important value for the development of special optical temperature sensors..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Oct. 22, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056015 (2025)
Speckle Transformer: direct classification through scattering media with limited information
Qi Zhao, Zhiyuan Wang, Zhipeng Yu, Tianting Zhong, Haoran Li, Shengfu Cheng, Haofan Huang, Chi Man Woo, Huanhao Li, and Puxiang Lai
Retrieving high-fidelity images from optical speckles remains challenging, especially when the information in speckles is severely insufficient. To address classification through scattering media under such constraints, we propose Speckle Transformer, a vision-transformer-based model that directly classifies objects usRetrieving high-fidelity images from optical speckles remains challenging, especially when the information in speckles is severely insufficient. To address classification through scattering media under such constraints, we propose Speckle Transformer, a vision-transformer-based model that directly classifies objects using raw speckle patterns without intermediate image retrieval. By leveraging inherent features within speckles to extract discriminative features, our approach achieves nearly 90% accuracy for classifying speckles encoded with different images, outperforming traditional retrieval-classification pipelines by up to five times, even with extreme information sparsity (i.e., 1/1024 speckle regions of interest). In addition, we quantify speckle information capacity via information entropy analysis, demonstrating that classification accuracy correlates strongly with the information entropy of speckle autocorrelation. We not only overcome limitations of conventional methods but also establish a paradigm for real-time classification in scattering environments with constrained data..
Advanced Photonics Nexus
- Publication Date: Oct. 27, 2025
- Vol. 4, Issue 5, 056016 (2025)
Silicon thermo-optic phase shifters: a review of configurations and optimization strategies
Vol. 3, Issue 4, 044001 (2024)
Flexible depth-of-focus, depth-invariant resolution photoacoustic microscopy with Airy beam
Vol. 3, Issue 4, 046001 (2024)
Highly sensitive mid-infrared upconversion detection based on external-cavity pump enhancement
Vol. 3, Issue 4, 046002 (2024)
Vol. 2, Issue 6, 065001 (2023)
Decision-making and control with diffractive optical networks
Vol. 3, Issue 4, 046003 (2024)
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