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Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 1 (2022)
[in Chinese]
[in Chinese]
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 3 (2022)
Design of Cantilever Beam Hydrophone Based on Metamaterials Structure
CHANG Wenjuan, ZHAO Yongcheng, LIAO Liming, YAN Sheng, and HAO Chengpeng
The cantilever beam hydrophone can receive low frequency underwater acoustic signals in resonant frequency band, which can not only improve the sensitivity but also obtain superior detection performance compared with the traditional hydrophones, and has a broad application prospect in the field of marine engineering. TThe cantilever beam hydrophone can receive low frequency underwater acoustic signals in resonant frequency band, which can not only improve the sensitivity but also obtain superior detection performance compared with the traditional hydrophones, and has a broad application prospect in the field of marine engineering. This article designs a novel cantilever beam hydrophone based on acoustic metamaterials. First, the negative equivalent principle of the metamaterials and the effects of material parameters on resonant frequency are studied, and the method of reducing the resonant frequency of the cantilever beam hydrophone is obtained. On this basis, the first-order natural frequencies of single copper beam, three-layer copper-rubber beam and five-layer copper-rubber beam are analyzed, and the three-layer composite structure is selected to complete the design of the metamaterial cantilever beam hydrophone according to the practical requirements. The simulation analysis results show that the hydrophone designed in this paper has a lower resonant frequency than the conventional cantilever beam hydrophone with the same dimensions..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 339 (2022)
Coaxially Opposed Broadband Wide Beam Transducer
LIU Huisheng, WU Tong, and YANG Rongyao
For implementation of the broadband wide beam transducer, a new method was proposed to realize the wide beam coverage of 360° in horizontal radial direction with a coaxially opposed structure based on the existing transducer structure in this paper. Using the finite element method, the transmit voltage response (TFor implementation of the broadband wide beam transducer, a new method was proposed to realize the wide beam coverage of 360° in horizontal radial direction with a coaxially opposed structure based on the existing transducer structure in this paper. Using the finite element method, the transmit voltage response (TVR) and directivity of the existing structure and two type of transducers with coaxially opposed structure are compared and analyzed. The results show that the beam width of 360° and the TVR of greater than 138 dB in horizontal radial direction have been realized by the new structure at 12~19 kHz when the size of the baffle is 100 mm×7 mm and the opposing distance between the transducer and the baffle is 4 mm. Both high TVR in horizontal radial direction and wide operating bandwidth are achieved by the proposed coaxially opposed transducer..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 344 (2022)
Development of Spherical Transducer for In-Situ Measurement of Marine Sediment Acoustics
WANG Shuai, LIU Wenni, CHU Guangyu, and PAN Yaozong
Two spherical transducers (SP32K and SP12K) are developed for the marine sediment acoustic in-situ measurement system, which are comparable to the ITC-1007 and ITC-1032 spherical transducer. The transducer is simulated and designed by theory and finite element method, and the transducer prototype is fabricated and its Two spherical transducers (SP32K and SP12K) are developed for the marine sediment acoustic in-situ measurement system, which are comparable to the ITC-1007 and ITC-1032 spherical transducer. The transducer is simulated and designed by theory and finite element method, and the transducer prototype is fabricated and its performance is tested. The resonant frequency of the low frequency transducer is about 12 kHz, with the operating frequency band covering from 2 to 20 kHz, and the maximum transmission voltage response is 149 dB. The resonance frequency of the medium frequency spherical transducer is about 32 kHz, with the working frequency band covering from 15 to 50 kHz, and the maximum transmission voltage response is 149 dB. The experimental results show that compared with similar foreign products, the developed spherical transducers have basically the same performance, which can meet the relevant acoustic measurement requirements, and provide a strong support for the development of acoustic equipment such as medium and low frequency marine sediment acoustic in-situ measurement systems..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 348 (2022)
Research on a Directional Transducer with Acoustic Lens
DING Yuewen, MIAO Zhijun, SI Zeyu, CHU Guangyu, and PAN Yaozong
The acoustic lens is used to focus the acoustic energy to realize narrow beam acoustic radiation of small size transducer in this paper. The simulation models of single concave acoustic lens and double concave acoustic lens are established respectively by finite element method. The structural parameters of acoustic lenThe acoustic lens is used to focus the acoustic energy to realize narrow beam acoustic radiation of small size transducer in this paper. The simulation models of single concave acoustic lens and double concave acoustic lens are established respectively by finite element method. The structural parameters of acoustic lens have been optimized. The double concave acoustic lens directional transducer is designed and fabricated, and the performance of the prototype of the transducer and the acoustic lens are tested in the anechoic tank. The radiation area diameter of the transducer prototype is 120 mm. After setting the acoustic lens, the transmission voltage response level is increased by 4 dB. The -3 dB beam-width is changed from 76° to about 30°(@ 10 kHz), which conforms to the simulation results. The experimental results show that the acoustic lens effectively reduces the beam width of the transducer and improves the transmitting voltage response of the main beam of the transducer, which verifies the effect of the double concave acoustic lens on optimizing the directivity of the transducer..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 352 (2022)
Simulation of Lateral Resonance Mode of 1-3 Piezo-composite Based on PZFlex
CHENG Dongxu, YUE Qingwen, ZHOU Zhiyong, and LIANG Ruihong
The 1-3 piezo-composites with high electromechanical coupling coefficient and low acoustic impedance are suitable for fabricating hydrophone and medical ultrasound transducers. However, the lateral mode resonances of 1-3 piezo-composites will reduce the performance of transducers and limit the miniaturization and high The 1-3 piezo-composites with high electromechanical coupling coefficient and low acoustic impedance are suitable for fabricating hydrophone and medical ultrasound transducers. However, the lateral mode resonances of 1-3 piezo-composites will reduce the performance of transducers and limit the miniaturization and high frequency of transducers. In this work, a set of 1-3 piezo-composites with rectangular ceramic pillars are designed. The thickness of piezo-composites is 0.32 mm. The width of ceramic pillars is 0.08 mm and the length of ceramic pillars varies from 0.10 mm to 0.25 mm, the kerf is 0.05 mm. The modeling and calculating has been carried out by using the PZFlex finite element software. The simulation results show that the thickness mode resonant frequency and anti-resonant frequency of the composites are 4.5 MHz and 6 MHz, respectively. The lateral mode resonant frequency gradually shifts to the low frequency with the increase of the length of the ceramic pillars. The thickness mode and lateral mode are coupled when the ratio of length to height of ceramic pillar is greater than 0.69. The transducer is designed based on the composite and the center frequency of transducer is 4.7 MHz according to the PiezoCAD software..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 357 (2022)
Research on Linear Transducer Array Based on 1-1-3 Piezoelectric Composites
CHEN Jing, ZHONG Chao, and QIN Lei
In this paper, a linear transducer array based on type 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite material is designed, and the admittance characteristics of the array are analyzed by finite element method. Using the finite element analysis method, the conductivity curve of linear transducer array based on type 1-1-3 piezoelectric In this paper, a linear transducer array based on type 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite material is designed, and the admittance characteristics of the array are analyzed by finite element method. Using the finite element analysis method, the conductivity curve of linear transducer array based on type 1-1-3 piezoelectric composite material and type 1-3 piezoelectric composite material and the influence of array position on the conductivity curve were compared and analyzed. To further verify the simulation results, a “one-piece forming” transducer array preparation process is designed and experimental samples are prepared. The experimental results show that the receiving sensitivity consistency of the 1-1-3 linear transducer array is 4 dB higher than that of the 1-3 linear transducers, and the consistency of the transmission voltage response is stable within 0.6 dB, which effectively improves the array consistency of the high-frequency transducer array..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 361 (2022)
Research on Eddy Current Sensor for Vector Hydrophone
LI Yue, and HONG Lianjin
In this paper, the working principle of eddy current sensor used for displacement vector sensor is analyzed; the sensing coefficient of eddy current sensor is studied. The influence of each parameter of eddy current probe coil on the sensing coefficient is obtained, and the calculation model of the sensing coefficient In this paper, the working principle of eddy current sensor used for displacement vector sensor is analyzed; the sensing coefficient of eddy current sensor is studied. The influence of each parameter of eddy current probe coil on the sensing coefficient is obtained, and the calculation model of the sensing coefficient is verified by experiments. The directivity resolution of eddy current displacement sensor is studied, and the simulation is carried out by using finite element software. The ratio of the sensing coefficient of the spindle direction to the sensing coefficient of the spindle direction orthogonal direction has been obtained. The ratio increases with the increase of the radius of the metal body to be measured and is greater than 20 dB, which meets the requirements of directional resolution of the vector hydrophone..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 368 (2022)
Research on Vector Hydrophone for Underwater Acoustic Communication
WANG Zherui, and WANG Yan
The vibration velocity information of water quality point cannot be obtained by the traditional sound pressure hydrophone to receive the signal in underwater acoustic communication system. In this paper, a vector hydrophone with a diameter of 38 mm and a height of 46 mm with the same vibration mode is developed, which The vibration velocity information of water quality point cannot be obtained by the traditional sound pressure hydrophone to receive the signal in underwater acoustic communication system. In this paper, a vector hydrophone with a diameter of 38 mm and a height of 46 mm with the same vibration mode is developed, which can synchronously and co-located obtain the information of sound pressure and vibration velocity of water quality points, thus solving the problem of incomplete acquisition of 8~13 kHz signals by underwater acoustic communication system. The vector hydrophone adopts a specially designed integrated three-dimensional acceleration sensor with common inertial mass block, and the sensitivity of three axial directions in space reaches more than 328.0 pC/g. The PZT-5 piezoelectric ceramic ring is used as the sound pressure channel of vector hydrophone, the vector hydrophone prototype with x, y, z channel and p channel is developed and tested in the tank. The test results show that the sound pressure sensitivity level of x, y, z channel at 10 kHz is above -172 dB (0 dB reference value of 1 V/μPa), and it has good cosine directivity. The sensitivity level of sound pressure channel can reach -198 dB, which can be used for acquisition of 8~13 kHz signals in underwater acoustic communication..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 373 (2022)
Low-cost Fiber Cantilever Accelerometer Based on Intensity Demodulation
WU Mingze, and HONG Lianjin
A low-cost fiber cantilever accelerometer based on intensity demodulation is proposed in this paper. The accelerometer consists of receiving fiber), emitting fiber, ceramic ferrule and ceramic sleeve, both the receiving fiber and emitting fiber are single-mode fiber (SMF). The sensitivity of the proposed accelerometer A low-cost fiber cantilever accelerometer based on intensity demodulation is proposed in this paper. The accelerometer consists of receiving fiber), emitting fiber, ceramic ferrule and ceramic sleeve, both the receiving fiber and emitting fiber are single-mode fiber (SMF). The sensitivity of the proposed accelerometer is analyzed theoretically. A prototype of the accelerometer is fabricated, and the experimental system is set up. The experimental results show that the accelerometer has a sensitivity of 71.5 mV/g and good phase frequency characteristic at the working bandwidth from 30 Hz to 1 000 Hz..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 377 (2022)
Progress of ADCP Piezoelectric Transducer and Calibration Methods
ZHOU Yingying, WANG Min, HE Longbiao, and YANG Ping
The acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) is widely used in oceanography. It is the most important velocity measurement equipment currently. The key component of ADCP is the piezoelectric transducer, which is used to transmit and receive acoustic signals. Combined with the development of ADCP, this paper reviews theThe acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) is widely used in oceanography. It is the most important velocity measurement equipment currently. The key component of ADCP is the piezoelectric transducer, which is used to transmit and receive acoustic signals. Combined with the development of ADCP, this paper reviews the research progress of the piezoelectric transducers and arrays for ADCP, and the calibration methods of piezoelectric transducers and ADCP are briefly summarized..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 381 (2022)
Study on Temperature Stability of Sensitivity of Piezoelectric Circular Tube Hydrophone
CHEN Siqiang, WANG Yuebing, and ZHAO Peng
Aiming at the temperature stability of the hydrophone, this paper studies the change law of the sensitivity of a piezoelectric circular tube hydrophone when the ambient temperature changes. The main influencing factors of temperature on the hydrophone are analyzed through the calculation formula of the free-field voltaAiming at the temperature stability of the hydrophone, this paper studies the change law of the sensitivity of a piezoelectric circular tube hydrophone when the ambient temperature changes. The main influencing factors of temperature on the hydrophone are analyzed through the calculation formula of the free-field voltage receiving sensitivity of the circular tube hydrophone at low frequency, and the variation law of the hydrophone sensitivity with temperature is analyzed and calculated based on the thermodynamic theory. The change of the capacitance of a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic with temperature, and the change of capacitance and sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramic with different coating materials with temperature were measured, and the difference between the measured values and the theoretical values was compared and analyzed. The results show that the sensitivity of the hydrophone is negatively correlated with the temperature, and the capacitance of the hydrophone is positively correlated with the temperature, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The difference between the theoretical value and the measured value is mainly caused by the thermal expansion characteristics of the hydrophone surface coating material itself and the temperature characteristics of the acoustic impedance..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 387 (2022)
Research on High-order Acoustic Pressure Gradient Hydrophone Using Piezoelectric Bimorphs
ZHOU Hongkun, WEI Ningyang, LI Xiaowei, and ZHANG Chongbing
The estimation errors on the spatial acoustic field using different order acoustic pressure gradient combinations were analyzed mathematically, and the effect of the inconsistency between the amplitude and phase in the differential channel on the finite difference approximation errors was calculated. The constraints ofThe estimation errors on the spatial acoustic field using different order acoustic pressure gradient combinations were analyzed mathematically, and the effect of the inconsistency between the amplitude and phase in the differential channel on the finite difference approximation errors was calculated. The constraints of the self-noise of the hydrophone and the quantization error of analog-to-digital conversion on the lower limit of the operating frequency of the high-order hydrophone were studied. A high-order acoustic pressure gradient hydrophone composed of four piezoelectric bimorphs was proposed. The size of the hydrophone is 100 mm×50 mm, capable of measuring the first-order acoustic pressure gradient and the second-order mixed acoustic pressure gradient in the sound field. The output voltage of each channel of the hydrophone in the plane wave sound filed were obtained by finite element simulation. The calculated results show that the output voltage response of the second-order mixed pressure gradient channel increases by 12 dB per octave, and the directivity is consistent with that of the longitudinal quadrupole acoustic source..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 392 (2022)
Development of MEMS Acoustic Wave Device Based on Al0.8Sc0.2N Piezoelectric Thin Film
HUANG Xiangjun, DI Xiao, LIU Ya, LI Xin, YI Yongjie, WU Pengcheng, AN Xing, and ZHU Xin
This article presents a high performance piezoelectric MEMS acoustic device for hydrophone applications, which consists of 5×5 circular arrays with a diameter of 200 μm, and the size of the device is 3 mm×3 mm. The piezoelectric coefficient of AlN films is enhanced by using scandium doping with a mass fractioThis article presents a high performance piezoelectric MEMS acoustic device for hydrophone applications, which consists of 5×5 circular arrays with a diameter of 200 μm, and the size of the device is 3 mm×3 mm. The piezoelectric coefficient of AlN films is enhanced by using scandium doping with a mass fraction of 20%, and the electrical signal output under acoustic pressure is enhanced by a two-electrode structure configuration and optimized structure size to achieve better reception sensitivity of piezoelectric MEMS acoustic wave devices. The acoustic device has a receiving sensitivity of -166.8 dB (Ref.1 V/μPa) in air, which is about 2.6 dB higher than that of the same structure based on AlN film. The device has a flat acoustic response with a sensitivity curve change of less than 1.5 dB in the bandwidth range of 50 Hz to 3 kHz. The results show that the piezoelectric MEMS acoustic wave device based on the Al0.8Sc0.2N film has higher receiving sensitivity, and the hydrophone sealed by the watertight package can be used for pipeline leakage detection, marine noise monitoring and other engineering applications.
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 397 (2022)
Simulation and Structure Optimization of Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer
YU Qing, TI Jinming, FAN Qingqing, and LI Junhong
The piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) has important applications in medical imaging, gesture recognition, endoscopy imaging, fingerprint recognition and other fields, and its performance such as sensitivity are the main factors affecting the imaging quality. This paper analyzes the equivalent cirThe piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) has important applications in medical imaging, gesture recognition, endoscopy imaging, fingerprint recognition and other fields, and its performance such as sensitivity are the main factors affecting the imaging quality. This paper analyzes the equivalent circuit model of PMUT based on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT)circular piezoelectric composite vibration film, and then investigates the influence of PMN-PT film thickness on the transmitting voltage response and receiving sensitivity of PMUT by finite element method. The simulation results show that when the thickness of the piezoelectric layer is 4.5 μm (90% of the thickness of the substrate), the value of the transmitter voltage response level of the transducer is the maximum, reaching 191.6 dB. The receiving sensitivity basically increases linearly with the increase of thickness. When the thickness of the piezoelectric layer is 5.1 μm (102% of the thickness of the substrate), the number of loop gain (loss) is the maximum, reaching -64.50 dB..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 403 (2022)
Optimal Design of Transmitting Transducer for Ultrasonic Coupled Contactless Energy Transfer System
ZHANG Linsen, ZENG Shuanggui, NING Xiaoling, and HU Ping
According to the research needs of ultrasonic coupled contactless energy transfer (UCCET) system, the transmitting transducer of underwater UCCET system is selected, and the type and operating frequency of the transducer are determined. Based on the one-dimensional design theory of the sandwiched longitudinal vibrationAccording to the research needs of ultrasonic coupled contactless energy transfer (UCCET) system, the transmitting transducer of underwater UCCET system is selected, and the type and operating frequency of the transducer are determined. Based on the one-dimensional design theory of the sandwiched longitudinal vibration piezoelectric transducer, the design of transmitting transducer is optimized. On the basis of the in-depth analysis of the influence of the extension coefficient of the conical front cover plate on the vibration velocity ratio and the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the transducer, the selected extension coefficient can simultaneously take into account the vibration velocity ratio and the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the transducer as the optimal value, then the overall structure size of the transducer is further determined. The actual test results show that the actual resonant frequency of the trial-produced transmitting transducer is 38.552 kHz, and the equivalent electromechanical coefficient is 0.149, which can meet the practical needs..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 407 (2022)
Finite Element Analysis of Strip-type Receiving Transducer for Acoustic LWD Tool
SUN Zhifeng, QIU Ao, LUO Yulin, LUO Bo, LI Jie, and LIU Xi’en
The strip-type receiving transducer is a key element of the acoustic logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool and its performance directly affects the signal quality. The strip-type receiving transducer is designed and analyzed by the finite element method. The results show that the parallel connection of the receiving crystaThe strip-type receiving transducer is a key element of the acoustic logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool and its performance directly affects the signal quality. The strip-type receiving transducer is designed and analyzed by the finite element method. The results show that the parallel connection of the receiving crystal has higher receiving sensitivity, and the fluctuation of the receiving sensitivity is less than 20 dB in the insulator stopband of the collar wave. On this basis, the influences of the number of piezoelectric ceramics and geometric size on the receiving sensitivity of the transducer are analyzed. The greater the number of crystals in the strip-type receiving transducer, the greater the thickness of the crystal, the higher the receiving sensitivity within the range of the insulator stopband of the collar wave, which is beneficial to improve the measurement of formation wave signals. The larger the crystal height, the smaller the crystal width, the lower the sensitivity within the range of passband of the collar wave, which is beneficial to reduce the signal energy of the collar wave. The numerical simulation results have a good guidance for the design and fabrication of the strip-type receiving transducer of the acoustic logging-while-drilling tool..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 413 (2022)
Simulation and Performance Analysis of Focused Ultrasonic Transducer
TI Jinming, YU Qing, FAN Qingqing, and LI Junhong
The high frequency acoustic lens focused ultrasonic transducer has important applications in electronic device evaluation and detection, material micro-mechanical properties characterization, biomedical imaging, cell manipulation, etc. The structural parameters are one of the main factors affecting its performance. In The high frequency acoustic lens focused ultrasonic transducer has important applications in electronic device evaluation and detection, material micro-mechanical properties characterization, biomedical imaging, cell manipulation, etc. The structural parameters are one of the main factors affecting its performance. In this paper, the high-frequency focused ultrasonic transducer based on acoustic lens structure is simulated by finite element method, and the influence of the opening angle of acoustic lens on the key performance parameters such as acoustic pressure pattern, lateral resolution and -6 dB depth of field in the focused region of this type of transducer is analyzed. The simulation results show that the focal length and lateral resolving power of the transducer are close to the theoretical calculation results. With the increase of the opening angle of the acoustic lens, the lateral resolving power of the transducer will be improved, the -6 dB depth of field will decrease, and the sound pressure level at the focus will increase. This paper provides a certain technical basis for the optimal design of acoustic lens focused ultrasonic transducer..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 418 (2022)
Study on Calibration of Directivity of Ultrasonic Stress Transducer
NIU Miao, WU Delin, YAO Lei, ZHENG Huifeng, GAO Shenping, and YU Xingyan
The directivity of ultrasonic stress transducer has an important influence on the accuracy of ultrasonic stress detection. In this paper, the semi-cylindrical block method is proposed. The transducer to be calibrated radiates sound waves to the interior of the semi-cylindrical block, and the receiving transducer receivThe directivity of ultrasonic stress transducer has an important influence on the accuracy of ultrasonic stress detection. In this paper, the semi-cylindrical block method is proposed. The transducer to be calibrated radiates sound waves to the interior of the semi-cylindrical block, and the receiving transducer receives the signals at various angles on the cylindrical surface of the block, and the directivity of the calibrated transducer is obtained by analysis. The directivity of the longitudinal wave transducer is calibrated by the semi-cylindrical block method, and its -3 dB beam width is 5.01°, the relative deviations from the measured value and theoretical value of the hydrophone method are 3.09% and 2.66%, respectively. The directivity of the critical refracted longitudinal wave transducer is obtained by the semi-cylindrical block method, and its -3 dB beam width is 10.55° and the relative deviation from the simulated value is 2.23%. The semi-cylindrical block method is more in line with the actual working conditions of ultrasonic stress, and is not limited by the water tightness of the transducer and the operating principle of the transducer. It is suitable for any type of ultrasonic stress transducer, and the calibration is more efficient and fast..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 422 (2022)
Optimization Design Method of Underwater Transducers Based on ANSYS Software Platform
LI Yinshuai
In the design of underwater transducer, the structure dimensions, electroacoustic characteristics and other constraints need to be considered, so it is very important for designers to quickly find out the optimal design scheme. This article presents a design method for parameter optimization of underwater transducer. FIn the design of underwater transducer, the structure dimensions, electroacoustic characteristics and other constraints need to be considered, so it is very important for designers to quickly find out the optimal design scheme. This article presents a design method for parameter optimization of underwater transducer. Firstly, the parametric model of the transducer is established by using the ANSYS software APDL parametric design language. Then the parametric model of the transducer is imported into ANSYS Workbench platform, the optimization constraints and optimization objectives are given by setting the input and output variables, and the program automatically performs the optimization calculation and gives the optimal design results after selecting the appropriate optimization algorithm. This method can solve the optimal solution within the range of transducer parameters, and can also greatly improve the optimization efficiency of designers..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 426 (2022)
Study of the High Temperature Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer Based on BS-PT Ceramics
XIAN Xiaojun, ZHAO Tianlong, SUN Xinhao, SHI Kefei, FEI Chunlong, LI Ruifeng, and HOU Jingchuan
To meet the demand of high temperature ultrasonic detection technology in morden society, one type of high temperature piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with 1 MHz is designed and manufactured in this paper. The high temperature piezoelectric ceramic material BS-PT is used. The PiezoCAD software is applied to simulatTo meet the demand of high temperature ultrasonic detection technology in morden society, one type of high temperature piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with 1 MHz is designed and manufactured in this paper. The high temperature piezoelectric ceramic material BS-PT is used. The PiezoCAD software is applied to simulate the high temperature transducer. The electrical and acoustic properties of this ultrasonic transducer are investigated at room temperature and 200 ℃ in detail. The results show that the echo amplitude decreases slightly with the increase of test temperature. The center frequency and bandwidth of the transducer also change slightly, and the bandwidth remains at about 20%. All the results demonstrate that the high temperature piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer based BS-PT can operate at 200 ℃ stably..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 431 (2022)
Study on the Effect of Parylene Encapsulation for the Performance of MEMS Acoustic Sensor
WU Pengcheng, TSANG Wei Mong, LI Xin, AN Xing, ZHU Xin, YI Yongjie, HUANG Xiangjun, and DI Xiao
In this paper,the change of receiving sensitivity for a MEMS acoustic sensor before and after Parylene-C encapsulation was achieved through finite element simulation, and the conversion coefficient Krt between the receiving sensitivity and vibration amplitude of diaphragm from excitation voltage was derived from the LuIn this paper,the change of receiving sensitivity for a MEMS acoustic sensor before and after Parylene-C encapsulation was achieved through finite element simulation, and the conversion coefficient Krt between the receiving sensitivity and vibration amplitude of diaphragm from excitation voltage was derived from the Lump-element model, and then the influence of Parylene-C encapsulation on the device performance is explored. Our experimental results showed that the sensitivity and mean vibration amplitude of the device were reduced to 42% and 48% of the original values, respectively, after encapsulation. The similar reduction percentage in sensitivity and mean vibration amplitude indicated Krt was independent from the encapsulation. Therefore, the change of device sensitivity can be evaluated by measuring the mean vibration amplitude instead of time-consuming sensitivity measurement, and this method can be used to quickly screen the same batch of devices and improve the efficiency. Moreover, the simulation results show that the sensitivity is reduced to 55% from original value after encapsulating, which is close to the test results of amplitude, and the two confirm each other..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 435 (2022)
Study on an Opposite-Type Ultrasonic Measurement for Space Temperature Field in Three-Dimensional Sphere
MEI Yong, LIU Chang, YUAN Yupeng, ZHANG Zuwei, and ZHANG Yuzhe
The temperature measurement is of great significance in many aspects of the country and society such as aerospace, public security, intelligent manufacturing and smart home. The temperature measurement technology based on ultrasonic wave theory is a novel temperature measurement method in recent years. The ultrasonic tThe temperature measurement is of great significance in many aspects of the country and society such as aerospace, public security, intelligent manufacturing and smart home. The temperature measurement technology based on ultrasonic wave theory is a novel temperature measurement method in recent years. The ultrasonic temperature measurement technology has the characteristics of non-contact, wide temperature measurement range, fast response and high measurement accuracy, and has shown good performance in aero-engine, microwave drying and other fields. In this paper, facing the demand background of the space temperature field measurement of three-dimensional sphere, based on the principle of the relationship between ultrasonic flight speed and medium temperature, an 8-transducer structure for a two-dimensional circular plane and an 26-transducer structure for a three-dimensional sphere space are designed by using the transceiver integrated ultrasonic transducer. The receiving control strategy of time-sharing rotation training ultrasonic transducer is proposed, and the space temperature reconstruction algorithm based on radial basis function is established, and the temperature measurement method is simulated based on the Matlab platform. The simulation results show that the established two-dimensional circular plane temperature field model with diagonal deflection and central symmetry and the three-dimensional spherical temperature field model with central symmetry have good reconstruction effects. At the same time, three types of Gaussian white noise with standard deviations of 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.05% respectively are superimposed in the ultrasonic time-of-flight measurement, which further verifies that the method proposed in this paper has good robustness..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 441 (2022)
Analysis and Experiment on the Effect of Mutual Radiation on Eight-Element Planar Array
ZHANG Tianyi, JIN Dongyang, and HU Jiuling
Due to the existence of mutual radiation between array elements, the performance of dense array will change, such as resonance frequency drift, radiation power reduction, etc., which will adversely affect the overall performance of the array. In this paper, the characteristics of the mutual radiation impedance of eightDue to the existence of mutual radiation between array elements, the performance of dense array will change, such as resonance frequency drift, radiation power reduction, etc., which will adversely affect the overall performance of the array. In this paper, the characteristics of the mutual radiation impedance of eight-element planar array are analyzed, and the radiation power of the array is improved by changing the mutual radiation impedance. By introducing the interaction of the mutual radiation into the calculation of the directivity, the directivity calculation of the array is amended. Based on the above analysis, the finite element software is used to simulate the directivity of the array, and a prototype is made for test. The result shows that the lower the frequency and the smaller the space between the array elements, the stronger the mutual radiation between the elements, and the directivity of the array introduced into the amended mutual radiation is closer to real situation..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 448 (2022)
DDS Design for Reader of SAW Wireless Passive Sensor System
ZHANG Tao, CHEN Yuhang, SHI Xiaoyun, ZHU Han, and SU Xiaomin
As an important part of modern electronic equipment, the direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) has been widely used in the electronic fields due to its fast conversion time, high frequency accuracy and wide bandwidth. This design combines the flexible field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and DDS, adopts the top-doAs an important part of modern electronic equipment, the direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) has been widely used in the electronic fields due to its fast conversion time, high frequency accuracy and wide bandwidth. This design combines the flexible field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and DDS, adopts the top-down modular design idea, the pipeline structure of the feedback network and the frequency self-increasing design to achieve the frequency sweep effect. Based on the CORDIC algorithm, the phase-amplitude conversion is realized to reduce hardware resource consumption. Finally, the simulation test is carried out in the quartus II development environment. The amplitudes of sine wave and sine wave calculated by CORDIC algorithm are 32 768 and 56 758 (in 16-bit decimal system), respectively. The relative errors of the output sin and cos values compared with the expected results are only 6.1×10-5 and 9.9×10-5, respectively. The simulation results show that the design scheme can effectively solve the problems of large spurious components, high delay and high power consumption of DDS in the conventional surface acoustic wave wireless passive sensing system..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 453 (2022)
Development of Millimeter-Wave Tunable Microstrip Bandpass Filter
CAI Zhe
Based on the gold wire bonding process and thin film process, a miniaturized millimeter-wave tunable microstrip filter with low insertion loss is realized in this paper. Firstly, a half-wavelength open circuit tunable resonator loaded with rectangular slots is proposed. The equivalent inductance of the resonator could Based on the gold wire bonding process and thin film process, a miniaturized millimeter-wave tunable microstrip filter with low insertion loss is realized in this paper. Firstly, a half-wavelength open circuit tunable resonator loaded with rectangular slots is proposed. The equivalent inductance of the resonator could be changed by bonding gold wires over different rectangular slots, so as to change the resonant frequency. Then, a Ka-band fifth-order tunable bandpass filter is realized by using the proposed tunable resonator, and the frequency is tuned by changing the state of bonded gold wires. Thereby the deviation between simulation and measured results could be corrected, which solves the problems of frequency shift of narrow-band filter caused by the factors of the differences in dielectric constant between batches and the machining errors. In order to verify the feasibility, a fifth-order tunable microstrip filter is simulated, optimized, fabricated and measured. The results show that the passband of the filter can be adjusted from 35.35 GHz to 35.95 GHz with insertion of loss less than 4.6 dB, and the required passband can be obtained..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 458 (2022)
Research on Fused Biconical Taper Side-Pumped Fiber Coupler
SHEN Xiangwei, WANG Dagui, WU Zhongchao, WANG Xiaoxin, and HE Xiaoliang
In this paper, a high-efficiency fused taper side pump coupler with pump coupling efficiency of 82%, signal light passing rate of 98%, signal input and pump input isolation of 33 dB and pump light reverse isolation of 24 dB was achieved by using the pump fiber pre pulling method. The coupler was applied to a self-made In this paper, a high-efficiency fused taper side pump coupler with pump coupling efficiency of 82%, signal light passing rate of 98%, signal input and pump input isolation of 33 dB and pump light reverse isolation of 24 dB was achieved by using the pump fiber pre pulling method. The coupler was applied to a self-made 20 W pulse laser, and a stable laser output with a peak power of 7 kW was achieved. The results show that the fused taper fiber side pumped coupler has a good application prospect in high power fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 463 (2022)
Polishing Mechanism and Processing Technology of Germanium Single Crystal Under Acidic SiO2 Polishing Solution
GAO Xing, GU Yue, XIA Weidong, DONG Honglin, GAN Yu, XU Yang, and DING Yuchong
The corrosion process of germanium single crystal in SiO2 polishing solution containing HNO3 and under the condition of chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) was studied. By changing the polishing time, the changing law of the surface state of germanium single crystal was analyzed. The results show that when the pH value The corrosion process of germanium single crystal in SiO2 polishing solution containing HNO3 and under the condition of chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) was studied. By changing the polishing time, the changing law of the surface state of germanium single crystal was analyzed. The results show that when the pH value of SiO2 polishing solution is 1~2, there are the forms of Si—OH and Si—O- in SiO2 polishing solution; germanium single crystal reacts with nitric acid to form Ge(NO3)4. Then, the oxygenate of Ge4+ will be violently hydrolyzed to generate Ge—OH, and Ge—OH will continue to react in the form of Ge—OH2+. Under the attraction of surface charge, Si—O- and Ge—OH2+ create Si—O—Ge softening layer on the surface of germanium single crystal, which speeds up the corrosion rate and promotes the degree of surface polishing from the perspective of kinetics. When the polishing time is controlled within 15~20 min, the normal velocity of mechanical polishing and erosion is in equilibrium. After CMP polishing, the surface roughness Sa of germanium single crystal is ≤ 0.8 nm, and there are no scratches and pits under 10x microscope..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 467 (2022)
Development of RF SAW Filter for End-users of the Second Generation Beidou
BAI Tao, ZHANG Xianhong, DONG Jiahe, WU Yan, JIANG Daojun, and XU Xin
In this article, a type of RF SAW filter that can meet the requirements of the B3 band carrier frequency filtering of the second generation Beidou end-users is introduced. A hybrid design scheme of 5-transducer longitudinal coupling structure plus resonator structure is adopted in the filter. The filter with -1 dB bandIn this article, a type of RF SAW filter that can meet the requirements of the B3 band carrier frequency filtering of the second generation Beidou end-users is introduced. A hybrid design scheme of 5-transducer longitudinal coupling structure plus resonator structure is adopted in the filter. The filter with -1 dB bandwidth of 35 MHz, insertion loss of 2.2 dB and shape factor of 1.9 has been developed after comprehensively considering the parasitic effects of the SMD3030A package and the bonding wires. The comparison shows that the simulation and measurement results are in good agreement, which proves the proposed design scheme is practicable..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 471 (2022)
The Design of a Novel Dual-Polarized UWB Crossed Dipole
LIAO Liangbing, and CHEN Xing
Based on the Γ-shape feeding structure of magnetoelectric dipole antenna, a thin and light-weight dual-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) crossed dipole antenna with unidirectional radiation is presented. The dual-polarization is obtained by placing two Γ-shape feeding structures and two pairs of ring dipoles orthogonally.Based on the Γ-shape feeding structure of magnetoelectric dipole antenna, a thin and light-weight dual-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) crossed dipole antenna with unidirectional radiation is presented. The dual-polarization is obtained by placing two Γ-shape feeding structures and two pairs of ring dipoles orthogonally. The Γ-shape feeding structure guides the electromagnetic energy in the coaxial line to the electric dipole at the λ/4 wavelength above the metal reflection plate; as a result, a unidirectional radiation is realized. The processing and testing results show that the relative impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is up to 83.9% (from 1.35 GHz to 3.30 GHz), and has stable unidirectional radiation is realized within the bandwidth, and its axial gain varies form 7.9 dBi to 8.6 dBi. The test and simulation results are in good agreement, which proves the effectiveness of the design..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 474 (2022)
Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit Based on Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction
LIN Zhoupeng, ZHOU Fuqiang, LI Mengtao, and ZHAO Zeyi
Taking advantage of the characteristics of high electromechanical coupling effect, no electromagnetic interference and simple mechanism of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technology, a symmetrical self-powered synchronous electric charge extraction (SSP-SECE) circuit is proposed in this paper, which uses Taking advantage of the characteristics of high electromechanical coupling effect, no electromagnetic interference and simple mechanism of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technology, a symmetrical self-powered synchronous electric charge extraction (SSP-SECE) circuit is proposed in this paper, which uses complementary transistors to realize synchronous switching control, and the peak value self-detection can be realized by the steering diodes and detecting capacitors. The rationality of the circuit scheme is tested by modeling and simulation using Multisim software, and the validity of the circuit is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the load resistance power of the optimized SSP-SECE interface circuit is 4.23 times higher than that of the standard energy harvesting circuit, and 23.02% higher than that of the SECE circuit as a whole..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 478 (2022)
Study on Performance of Variable-Sectional Cantilever Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Groove
CAI Hao, and ZHOU Xingde
In order to capture more energy, a variable-sectional cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester with groove was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the beam form is changed according to a given exponential function, and the groove is dug inside the beam. Secondly, the corresponding vibration equation is deduced, and the eIn order to capture more energy, a variable-sectional cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester with groove was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the beam form is changed according to a given exponential function, and the groove is dug inside the beam. Secondly, the corresponding vibration equation is deduced, and the expression of vibration mode is determined by referring to relevant literature, and then the corresponding characteristic equation is established, the expression of voltage and output power is derived, and the optimal exponent is determined according to the voltage and output power. The results show that under the premise of keeping the beam length unchanged, the larger the bending degree coefficient of the tapered beam, the larger the output voltage and power, but the larger the characteristic frequency of the system..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 484 (2022)
Research on the Fast Start Technology of Hemispherical Resonator Gyro
FANG Haibin, LEI Ting, BU Jijun, ZHOU Qiang, and HAN Shichuan
The hemispherical resonator gyro (HRG) is a new kind of vibratory gyro, which has a wide application prospect in the field of equipment. The fast start performance of HRG is affected by the manufacturing error, interference source and working environment. In this paper, the influencing factors of the output of HRG are The hemispherical resonator gyro (HRG) is a new kind of vibratory gyro, which has a wide application prospect in the field of equipment. The fast start performance of HRG is affected by the manufacturing error, interference source and working environment. In this paper, the influencing factors of the output of HRG are analyzed, and the effects of Q value characteristics, assembly, and temperature and signal interference on the fast start performance are discussed. The fabrication and signal process of the sensitive devices are optimized and improved. The results show that the optimized and improved HRG can be stabilized within 3 minutes after power on, which is a significant improvement compared to more than 1 hour before the improvement..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 488 (2022)
Study on Adaptive Kalman Filtering Based on New Interest Mutation Constraints
DENG Yiting, FANG Zhen, PENG Hui, FENG Wei, and LIU Yu
Aiming at the problems that MEMS gyroscopes are easily affected and have large random errors, resulting in inaccurate model establishment and low measurement accuracy, an improved adaptive Kalman filter method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the ARMA model is established, and the attenuation coefficient is introducAiming at the problems that MEMS gyroscopes are easily affected and have large random errors, resulting in inaccurate model establishment and low measurement accuracy, an improved adaptive Kalman filter method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the ARMA model is established, and the attenuation coefficient is introduced into the traditional Kalman algorithm to reduce the influence of the old value of the system, at the same time, the prediction error matrix based on the system new interest mutation is introduced to eliminate the system mutation values. The Allan variance is used to analyze and compare the original gyroscope data and the filtered gyroscope data. The results show that the angle random walk, bias instability and angular rate random walk of the gyroscope used in the experiment are at least an order of magnitude smaller, and the standard deviation is significantly reduced, which indicates that the improved algorithm effectively suppresses the random noise and improves the performance of MEMS gyroscope..
Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics
- Publication Date: Jul. 24, 2022
- Vol. 44, Issue 3, 491 (2022)