The quality control and evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine is essential in the development of medical modernization. In this paper, aiming at the objectivity and high-precision of identifying Chinese herbals’ characteristics, which can lead to the realization of quality control of Chinese medicinal materials, the XRF, PXRD and FTIR, based on which a novel method to identify the main components and origin of Chinese herbal medicine was established, were used to measure the main component and micro-structure of patchouli. The experimental results have shown that, there are a variety of inorganic elements, such as K, Ca, Cl, Si, P et al, and the unique elemental characteristic spectrum is part of material basis for Patchouli forming good efficacy of Chinese medicinal materials. Patchouli contains large amounts of crystalline substance and a small number of amorphous substance, in which Ca exists in state of CaC2O4·H2O, and the content of the crystal material is proportional to the strength of the sharp peak. FTIR spectrum reflects the infrared absorption of the various components of tested sample. After analyzing of FTIR spectral peak it provides information of chemical component substances such as alcohol, flavonoids and calcium oxalate. Comqared with existing analysis methods, this method combining XRF, PXRD and FTIR objectively reveals that the main components and microstructure of patchouli from the elements, atoms and molecules, which overcome this one-sidedness of the using some way respectively. And this method avoids the change of the inherent component because that the complex sample pretreatment has the advantages of fast , simple andgood reproducibility and is easy to accept. It might provide a new method for the quality control and evaluation of patchouli and other Chinese herbal medicine.