Air moving targets such as stealth moving targets and high-speed aircraft have caused serious threats to the national security of all countries in the world, the detection of stealth moving targets and high-speed aircraft in the air is also a hotspot in the development of target detection technology around the world. This article describes a new type of target detection technology with better detection capabilities for air moving targets—environmental disturbance detection technology for moving targets in the air, and introduces the four main researches on airborne moving target environmental disturbance phenomena and their detection methods at this stage. That is, atmospheric disturbance field, plasma sheath, atmospheric polarization mode and wake, the detection principles and development status of the above four environmental disturbance detection technologies are studied, and the problems existing in the four environmental disturbance detection technologies in the air at the present stage are analyzed. Finally, the future development directions of the four technologies are prospected and summarized.