Review of air moving target detection technology under environmental disturbance

Weihe Ren; Yue Zhang; Yun Su; Xuemin Zhang; Hongyan Deng; Yi Liu

doi:10.3788/IRLA20210843

[1] Jie Gan, Jie Zhang. A study on situation and development of stealth target detection technology. Modern Radar, 38, 13-16(2016).

[2] Hongchen Tang, Peng Xu, Ningjuan Ruan, et al. Detection of hypersonic moving point target. Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing, 39, 46-54(2018).

[3] Heineck J T, Banks D, Schairer E T, et al. Background iented schlieren (BOS) of a supersonic aircraft in flight[C]AIAA Flight Testing Conference. Denver, 2016: 3356.

[4] Yang Pengfei. Research on flow visualization based on BOS[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)

[5] Yue Zhang, Xu Wang, Yun Su, et al. High-precision atmospheric disturbance detection method for movie objects. Acta Optica Sinica, 41, 0228002(2021).

[6] Yue Zhang, Yun Su, Peng Gao, et al. Visual monitoring method for atmospheric disturbance of moving objects. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 49, 20190535(2020).

[7] S B Dalziel, G O Hughes, B R Sutherland. Whole-field density measurements by ‘synthetic schlieren’. Experiments in Fluids, 28, 322-335(2000).

[8] G Meier. Computerized background-oriented schlieren. Experiments in Fluids, 33, 181-187(2002).

[9] M Raffel, H Richard, G E A Meier. On the applicability of background oriented optical tomography for large scale aerodynamic investigations. Experiments in Fluids, 28, 477-481(2000).

[10] G Erik, S Jörg. The background oriented schlieren technique: Sensitivity, accuracy, resolution and application to a three-dimensional density field. Experiments in Fluids, 43, 241-249(2007).

[11] J Michael, S Gary. Natural-background-oriented schlieren imaging. Experiments in Fluids, 48, 59-68(2010).

[12] L Santos, W Stryczniewicz. Application of background oriented schlieren for quantitative measurement of transonic flows. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1101, 1663-1668(2018).

[13] R Gupta, C Das, A Datta, et al. Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) imaging of condensation from humid air on wettability-engineered surfaces. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 109, 961-964(2019).

[14] J Ramaiah, S Ajithaprasad, G Rajshekhar, et al. Fast and robust method for flow analysis using GPU assisted diffractive optical element based background oriented schlieren (BOS). Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 126, 684-686(2020).

[15] S Amjad, S Karami, J Soria, et al. Assessment of three-dimensional density measurements from tomographic background-oriented schlieren (BOS). Measurement Science and Technology, 31, 114002(2020).

[16] Song Lihao. Research on hypersonic vehiclebne radar target detection under plasma sheath[D]. Xi''an: Xidian University, 2020. (in Chinese)

[17] Luo Qi. Study on stealth acteristics of plasma sheath[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics Astronautics, 2010. (in Chinese)

[18] Hayami R A. The application of instrumented light gas gun facilities f hypervelocity aerophysics research[C]17 th Aerospace Ground Testing Conference, 1992: 3998.

[19] Yongsun Ling. Plasma stealth technology and the possibility of applying it to aeroplane. Journal of Airforce Engineering University, 1, 1-3(2000).

[20] E Koretzky, S P Kuo. Characterization of an atmospheric pressure plasma generated by a plasma torch array. Physics of Plasma, 5, 3774(1998).

[21] S P Kuo, E Koretzky, R J Vidmar. Temperature measurement of an atmospheric-pressure plasma torch. Review of Scientific Instruments, 70, 3032(1999).

[22] V H Weston. Oblique incident of an electromagnetic wave on plasma half-space. Physics of Fluids, 10, 632-640(1967).

[23] J R Wait. Oblique reflection of a plane impulsive electromagnetic wave from a plasma half-space. Physics of Fluids, 12, 1521-1522(1969).

[24] C Harrison. On the bistatic scattering cross section of a reentry capsule with ionized wake. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation, 17, 374-376(1969).

[25] V I Sotnikov, J N Leboeuf, S Mudaliar. Scattering of electromagnetic waves in the pressure of wave turbulence excited by a flow with velocity shear. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 38, 2208-2218(2010).

[26] S Karin, B Denis, W Werner. Extraction of virtual scattering centers of vehicles by ray-tracing simulations. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 56, 3543-3551(2008).

[27] W Michael, S Dmitriy, F Uwe-Carsten. Delay-dependent doppler probability density functions for vehicle-to-vehicle scatter channels. IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, 62, 2238-2249(2014).

[28] C Bhaskar, C Shashank. Three-dimensional computation of reduction in radar cross section using plasma shielding. IEEE Transactions on Plamsa Science, 33, 2027-2034(2005).

[29] M T Rahman, M N Dewan, A Ahmed, et al. A time-dependent collisional sheath model for dual-frequency capacitively coupled RF Plasma. IEEE Transactions on Plamsa Science, 41, 17-23(2013).

[30] H C Kim, J K Lee, J W Shon. Analytic model for a dual frequency capacitive discharge. Physics of Plasmas, 10, 4545-4551(2003).

[31] F A Hass. A simple model of an asymmetric capacitive plasma with dual frequency. Applied Physics Letter, 37, 3117-3120(2004).

[32] J K Lee, N Y Babaeva, H C Kim, et al. Simulation of capacitively coupled single-and dual-frequency RF discharges. IEEE Transactions on Plamsa Science, 32, 47-53(2004).

[33] V Georgieva, A Bogaerts, R Gijbels. Numerical investiga-tion of ion-energy-distribution functions in single and dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma reactors. Physics of Review E, 69, 026406(2004).

[34] H C Kim, J K Lee. Dual-frequency capacitive discharges: Effect of low-frequency current on electron distribution function. Physics of Plasmas, 12, 053501(2005).

[35] Sun Shaobo. Research on modeling acquisition of skylight polarization patterns in real scene[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2020. (in Chinese)

[36] Wu Chuan. Research on navigate location method base on atmosphyric polarization mode[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)

[37] Chrasekhar S. Radiative Transfer[M]. US: Dover Publications, 1960.

[38] Sekera Z. Recent Developments in the Study of the Polarization of Sky Light[M]. herls: herls Advances in Geophysics, 1956.

[39] G N Plass, G W Kattawar, F E Catchings. Matrix operator theory of radiative transfer. 1: Rayleigh scattering. Applied Optics, 12, 314-329(1973).

[40] Gao Jun, Fan Zhiguo. Bionic Polarized Light Navigation Method [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014. (in Chinese)

[41] H Liang, H Bai, N Liu, et al. Polarization navigation simulation system and skylight compass method design based upon moment of inertia. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020, 1-14(2020).

[42] J Li, J Chu, R Zhang, et al. A bio-inspired attitude measurement method using polarization skylight and gravitational field. Applied Optics, 59, 2955-2962(2020).

[43] D Julien, V Stéphane, R S Julien. Polarized skylight-based heading measurements: a bio-inspired approach. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 16, 1-13(2019).

[44] Shuai Hu, Taichang Gao, Hao Li, et al. Atmospheric polarization pattern simulation for small solar elevation angles and the analysis of atmospheric effect. Acta Phys Sin, 65, 014203(2016).

[45] Jing Liu, Weiqi Jin, Xia Wang, et al. A new algorithm for polarization information restoration with considering the γ property of optoelectronic polarimeter. Acta Phys Sin, 65, 094201(2016).

[46] Chenguang Wang, Nan Zhang, Dalin Li, et al. Calculation of heading angle using all-sky atmosphere polarization. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 42, 60-66(2015).

[47] Chen Yue. Design implementation of shtwave infrared polarization detection system[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)

[48] Liu Junkai. Radar detection tracking technology of the aircraft wake vtices[D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)

[49] Chun Shen, Hang Gao, Xuesong Wang, et al. Aircraft wake vortex parameter-retrieval system based on lidar. Journal of Radars, 9, 1032-1044(2020).

[50] T Sarpkaya. New model for vortex decay in the atmosphere. Journal of Aircraft, 37, 53-61(2012).

[51] I Devisscher, T Lonfils, G Winckelmans. Fast-time modeling of ground effects on wake vortex transport and decay. Journal of Aircraft, 50, 1514-1525(2013).

[52] F Holzäring, P O Aircraft. Probabilistic two-phase wake vortex decay and transport model. Journal of Aircraft, 40, 323-331(2003).

[53] F Holzäpfel. Probabilistic two-phase aircraft wake-vortex model: Further development and assessment. Journal of Aircraft, 43, 700-708(2006).

[54] A Stephan, F Holzäpfel, T Misaka. Aircraft wake-vortex decay in ground proximity physical mechanisms and artificial enhancement. Journal of Aircraft, 50, 1250-1260(2013).

[55] F Holzäpfel, N Tchipev, A Stephan, et al. Wind impact on single vortices and counterrotating vortex pairs in ground proximity. Flow Turbulence & Combustion, 97, 829-848(2016).

[56] F Holzäpfel, A Stephan, T Heel, et al. Enhanced wake vortex decay in ground proximity triggered by plate lines. Easn Workshop, 88, 206-214(2016).

[57] I Hennemann, F Holzäpfel. Large-eddy simulation of aircraft wake vortex deformation and topology. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 225, 1336-1350(2011).

[58] T Sarpkaya. Decay of wake vortices of large aircraft. AIAA Journal, 36, 1671-1679(1998).

[59] S Koerner, F Holzäepfel. Multi-model ensemble wake vortex prediction. Aircraft Engineering, 88, 331-340(2016).

[60] Tao Wei. The research of positioning system f underwater magic target based on array of magometer[D]. Taiyuan: Nth University of China, 2021. (in Chinese)

[61] Sun Hexuan. Research on underwater target positioning based on magic anomaly detection[D]. Taiyuan: Nth University of China, 2021. (in Chinese)

[62] Zhao Guanyi. Research on interference mitigation target detection of airbne magic anomaly detection[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2019. (in Chinese)

[63] Shanghe Liu, Xining Xie, Xiaofeng Hu. Research progresses on electrostatic electrification and discharge of aircraft. Safety & EMC, 12-22(2021).

[64] Weixin Li, Weiwei Wei, Jian Tu, et al. Method of target orientation detection based on electronic filed vector. Guidance & Fuze, 42, 20-24(2021).

[65] Hao Huihui. Research on passive electrostatic detection method in fuze application[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science Technology of China, 2020. (in Chinese)

[66] Zheng Xing, Ming Wei, Weidong Liu. Current status and prospects of research on electrostatic detection technology. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 74-76(2017).

[67] Luo Lunkai. Technology research of acoustic detection of low flying targets in the sky[D]. Qingdao: Shong University of Science Technology, 2009. (in Chinese)

[68] Wu Hong. Research on voice recognition technology of aerial target[D]. Nanjing : Nanjing University of Science Technology, 2004. (in Chinese)

[69] Smith N T, Heineck J T, Schairer E T. Optical flow f flight wind tunnel background iented schlieren imaging[C] 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 2017: 0472.

[70] Hill M A, Haering E, Cliatt L . Flow visualization of aircraft in flight by means of background iented schlieren using celestial objects. [EBOL].[2017614]. https:www.researchgate.publication318143998_Flow_visualization_of_aircraft_in_flight_by_means_of_Background_iented_Schlieren_using_Celestial_Objects

[71] J T Heineck, D W Banks, N T Smith, et al. Background-oriented schlieren imaging of supersonic aircraft in flight. AIAA Journal, 59, 11-21(2021).

[72] Hill M A, Haering E A. Flow visualization of aircraft in flight by means of background iented schlieren using celestial objects[C]AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology Ground Testing Conference. Denver, 2017: 3553.

[73] Joseph T. NASA captured two jets'' supersonic shockwaves merging by applying new tech to an old idea[EBOL]. [201936]. https:www.thedrive.comthewarzone26822nasacapturedtwojetssupersonicshockwavesmergingbyapplyingnewtechtoanoldidea

[74] Haoran Chen, Yuhao Yang, Wei Liu, et al. Analysis of radar detection problems for near space hyper aircraft. Modern Radar, 40, 8-11(2018).

[75] J T Li, L X Guo. Research on electromagnetic scattering characteristics of reentry vehicles and blackout forecast model. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 26, 1767-1778(2012).

[76] G L He, Y F Zhan, N Ge, et al. Measuring the time-varying channel characteristics of the plasma sheath from the reflected signal. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 42, 3975-3981(2014).

[77] J Zhang, Y Liu, X Li. The study of spatial dispersion effect on electromagnetic waves propagation in the warm non-uniform re-entry plasma sheath. Physics of Plasmas, 27, 022104(2020).

[78] S Basnet, A Patel, R Khanal. Electronegative magnetized plasma sheath properties in the presence of non-Maxwellian electrons with a homogeneous ion source. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 62, 115011(2020).

[79] D Y Tian, G C Fan, W F Chen. Numerical investigation of dynamic properties of plasma sheath with pitching motion. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A: Applied Physics & Engineering, 21, 209-217(2020).

[80] W Liu, J Zhu, C Cui, et al. The influence of plasma induced by α-particles on the radar echoes. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 43, 405-413(2015).

[81] Y Ding, B Bai, H Gao, et al. An analysis of radar detection on a plasma sheath covered reentry target. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 57, 4255-4268(2021).

[82] Z Bian, J Li, L Guo. Simulation and feature extraction of the dynamic electromagnetic scattering of a hypersonic vehicle covered with plasma sheath. Remote Sensing, 12, 2740(2020).

[83] R Musselman, S Chastain. Beyond LOS detection of hypersonic vehicles. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 35, 1364-1365(2021).

[84] H Y Liu, Y Chao. The RCS of the 3-D conductor sphere calculated in THz band and the homogeneous magnetized dense plasma sheath-Science Direct. Optik, 208, 164525(2020).

[85] K F Evans, G L Stephens. A new polarized atmospheric radiative transfer model. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 46, 413-423(1991).

[86] R D Spurr. Vlidort: A linearized pseudo-spherical vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer code for forward model and retrieval studies in multilayer multiple scattering media. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 102, 316-342(2006).

[87] V Thilak, D G Voelz, C D Creusere. Polarization-based index of refraction and reflection angle estimation for remote sensing applications. Applied Optics, 46, 7527-7536(2007).

[88] Mayer B. Radiative transfer in the cloudy atmosphere[C]EPJ Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences, 2009, 1: 7599.

[89] D Schepers, Aan dBJMJ, P Hahne, et al. Lintran v2.0: A linearised vector radiative transfer model for efficient simulation of satellite-born nadir-viewing reflection measurements of cloudy atmospheres. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 149, 347-359(2014).

[90] Shaw J A, Pust N J, Dahlberg A R. Continuous outdo operation of an allsky polarization imager[C]Proceedings of SPIE, 2010, 7672: 76720.

[91] N J Pust, J A Shaw. Wavelength dependence of the degree of polarization in cloud-free skies: simulations of real environments. Optics Express, 20, 15559-15568(2012).

[92] Aycock T, Lompado A, Wolz T, et al. Passive optical sensing of atmospheric polarization f GPS denied operations[C]Senss Systems f Space Applications IX. International Society f Optics Photonics, 2016, 9838: 98380 Y.

[93] C Emde, R Buras-Schnell, M Sterzik, et al. Influence of aerosols, clouds, and sunglint on polarization spectra of Earthshine. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 605, A2(2017).

[94] Shaw J A, Eshelman L. Fisheye imaging of sky polarization at the August 2017 solar eclipse[C]Imaging Systems Applications, 2020.

[95] F Snik, S P Bos, S A Brackenhoff, et al. Detection of polarization neutral points in observations of the combined corona and sky during the 21 August 2017 total solar eclipse. Applied Optics, 59, F71-F77(2020).

[96] Schmolke A, Mallot H A. Polarization compass f robot navigation [C]Proceedings of Fifth German Wkshop on Artificial Life. Lubeck: IOS Press, 2002: 163167.

[97] J Chahl, A Mizutani. Biomimetic attitude and orientation sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 12, 289-297(2012).

[98] Barbaresco F, Jeantet A, Meier U. Wake vtex detection & moniting by Xb Doppler radar: Paris ly radar campaign[C]2007 Iet International Conference on Radar Systems, 2007: 83.

[99] Qu Hailong. Study on the radar scattering acteristics of aircraft wake vtex in clear air moist air[D].Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2015. (in Chinese)

[100] Seliga T A, Mead J B. Meterscale observations of aircraft wake vtices in precipitation using a high resolution solidstate Wb Radar[C]34h Conference on Radar Meteology, 2009.

[101] S M Spuler, D Richter, M P Spowart, et al. Optical fiber-based laser remote sensor for airborne measurement of wind velocity and turbulence. Applied Optics, 50, 842-851(2011).

[102] Inokuchi H, Furuta M, Inagaki T. High altitude turbulence detection using an airbne Doppler lidar[C]Proceeding of 29 th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronatical Sciences, 2014.

[103] I N Smalikho, V A Banakh, A V Falits, et al. Experimental study of aircraft wake vortices on the airfield of tolmachevo airport in 2018. Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, 33, 124-133(2020).

[104] Guan Qiuqi. Research on the algithm of oblique aerial camera image defogging[D]. Changchun: Changchun University of Science Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)

[105] Cheng Jintao. The Analysis of atmosphere scattering to oblique imaging of aerial camera research of enhancement methods of image quality[D]. Changchun: Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013. (in Chinese)

[106] Dai Dingdong. Analysis countermeasures of radar detection problems of hyperspace vehicles under plasma sheath[C]Chinese Institute of Comm Control, 2021: 7. (in Chinese)

[107] Yong Zhou, Yurong Pan, Chunjian Li. Propagation attenuation of electromagnetic waves in plasma. Modern Radar, 41, 1-6(2019).

[108] Zhaoai Yan, Xiong Hu, Wenjie Guo, et al. Near space Doppler lidar techniques and applications (Invited). Infrared and Laser Engineering, 50, 20210100(2021).

[109] Z Fan, M Chen, B Wang, et al. Three-dimensional attituded information obtained by the skylight polarization pattern. Optics and Precision Engineering, 24, 1248-1256(2016).

[110] Chen Fan, Xiaoping Hu, Xiaofeng He, et al. Influence of skylight polarization pattern on bianic polarized orientation and corresponding experiment. Optics and Precision Engineering, 23, 2429-2437(2015).

[111] Shujun Li, Huilin Jiang, Jingping Zhu, et al. Development status and key technologies of polarization imaging detection. Chinese Optics, 6, 803-809(2013).

[112] Jie Chen, Yicheng Tong, Da Xiao, et al. Retrieval methods for extinction-to-backscatter ratio of atmospheric aerosols. Chinese Optics, 14, 1305-1316(2021).

[113] Mackenzie A I. Measured changes in cb radar reflectivity of clear air caused by aircraft wake vtices[R]. NASA Technical Paper 3671, 1997. (in Chinese)

[114] Niu Fengliang. Study on the radar acteristics of aircraft wake vtices in rainy weather[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)