In single-stage pulse-tube cryocoolers, only the cooling performance of the cold head is often considered, whereas the cooling effects at the cold and hot ends of the cold finger, due to the existence of large temperature gradients, are often neglected. Experimental studies were conducted to maximize the cooling potential of this type of cryocooler and to explore its applicability in multitemperature scenarios. The experiment was based on an 8W@80K single-stage coaxial pulse-tube cryocooler, with separate loads applied to the external and cold ends of the cold finger to simulate different temperature zones. The cooling performance of the pulse-tube cryocooler under different load conditions was measured by regulating the thermal load. Based on a comparison of the experimental data, the influence mechanism between key parameters, such as intermediate and cold-end cooling capacity, under different input powers was analyzed, and their potential interrelations were discussed. The experimental results showed that multi-temperature applications of single-stage pulse-tube cryocoolers are feasible when the intermediate cooling temperature and capacity remain constant.