[1] Folta J A, Bajt S, Barbee T W, Jr et al. Advances in multilayer reflective coatings for extreme ultraviolet lithography[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 3676, 702-709(1999).
[2] Meiling H, Mertens B, Stietz F et al. Prevention of MoSi multilayer reflection loss in EUVL tools[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 4506, 93-104(2001).
[3] Bakshi V[M]. EUV lithography(2018).
[4] Li Y Q, Nan Y B, Chen Y Q et al. Research and progress on optical design of exposure systems in extreme ultraviolet lithography[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 43, 1522002(2023).
[5] Braic V, Balaceanu M, Braic M. Grazing incidence mirrors for EUV lithography[C], 267-270(2008).
[6] Chen J Q, Louis E, Lee C J et al. Detection and characterization of carbon contamination on EUV multilayer mirrors[J]. Optics Express, 17, 16969-16979(2009).
[7] Srivastava S N, Thompson K C, Antonsen E L et al. Lifetime measurements on collector optics from Xe and Sn extreme ultraviolet sources[J], 102, 023301(2007).
[8] Higashiguchi T, Rajyaguru C, Dojyo N et al. Debris characteristics of a laser-produced tin plasma for extreme ultraviolet source[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 76, 126102(2005).
[9] Ueno Y, Soumagne G, Moriya M et al. Magnetic debris mitigation of a CO2 laser-produced Sn plasma[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 6921, 69212Z(2008).
[10] Allain J P, Nieto M, Hendricks M et al. Energetic and thermal Sn interactions and their effect on EUVL source collector mirror lifetime at high temperatures[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 6517, 65171V(2007).
[11] Allain J P, Nieto M, Hassanein A et al. Effect of charged-particle bombardment on collector mirror reflectivity in EUV lithography devices[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 6151, 837-846(2006).
[12] Rollinger B, Morris O, Chokani N et al. Tin ion and neutral dynamics within an LPP EUV source[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 7636, 76363F(2010).
[13] Wu T, Rao Z M, Wang S F. Deposition and sputtering yields on EUV collector mirror from Laser Plasma Extreme Ultraviolet Sources[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 276, 012031(2011).
[14] Yanagida T, Nagano H, Wada Y et al. Characterization and optimization of tin particle mitigation and EUV conversion efficiency in a laser produced plasma EUV light source[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 7969, 79692T(2011).
[15] Takenoshita K, Koay C S, Teerawattanasook S et al. Debris studies for the tin-based droplet laser-plasma EUV source[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 5374, 954-963(2004).
[16] Namba S, Fujioka S, Nishimura H et al. Spectroscopic study of debris mitigation with minimum-mass Sn laser plasma for extreme ultraviolet lithography[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 88, 171503(2006).
[17] Fujioka S, Nishimura H, Nishihara K et al. Properties of ion debris emitted from laser-produced mass-limited tin plasmas for extreme ultraviolet light source applications[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 87, 241503(2005).
[18] Fomenkov I, Schafgans A, Brandt D. Laser-produced plasma sources for high-volume-manufacturing EUV lithography[J]. Synchrotron Radiation News, 32, 3-8(2019).
[19] Hosoda H, Nagai S, Yanagida T et al. The development progress of the high power LPP-EUV light source using a magnetic field[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 11609, 116091G(2021).
[20] Sun H Y, Wang G D, Li X H et al. Study on 100 kHz repetitive frequency tin droplet targets[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 60, 2314001(2023).
[21] Harilal S S, O’Shay B, Tao Y et al. Ion debris mitigation from tin plasma using ambient gas, magnetic field and combined effects[J]. Applied Physics B, 86, 547-553(2007).
[22] Abramenko D B, Spiridonov M V, Krainov P V et al. Measurements of hydrogen gas stopping efficiency for tin ions from laser-produced plasma[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 112, 164102(2018).
[23] Bijlsma K I, de Wit E, Sheil J et al. Evidence of production of keV Sn+ ions in the H2 buffer gas surrounding an Sn-plasma EUV source[J]. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 32, 035006(2023).
[24] Mizoguchi H, Saito T, Itou N et al. Short wavelength light source for semiconductor manufacturing: challenge from excimer laser to LPP-EUV light source[EB/OL]. https://www.komatsu.jp/en/-/media/home/aboutus/innovation/technology/techreport/2016/en/170331_06.pdf
[25] Nishimura Y, Ueno Y, Nagai S et al. Key technology development progress of the high power LPP-EUV light source[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 12051, 120510T(2022).
[26] Shin H, Srivastava S N, Ruzic D N. Tin removal from extreme ultraviolet collector optics by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, 26, 389-398(2008).
[27] Faradzhev N, Sidorkin V. Hydrogen mediated transport of Sn to Ru film surface[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, 27, 306-314(2009).
[28] Soer W A, van Herpen M M J W, Jak M J J et al. Atomic-hydrogen cleaning of Sn from Mo/Si and DLC/Si extreme ultraviolet multilayer mirrors[J]. Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, 11, 021118(2012).
[29] van Herpen M M J W, Klunder D J W, Soer W A et al. Sn etching with hydrogen radicals to clean EUV optics[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 484, 197-199(2010).
[30] Smith J N, Jr, Fite W L. Reflection and dissociation of H2 on tungsten[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 37, 898-904(1962).
[31] Ugur D, Storm A J, Verberk R et al. Decomposition of SnH4 molecules on metal and metal-oxide surfaces[J]. Applied Surface Science, 288, 673-676(2014).
[32] Ugur D, Storm A J, Verberk R et al. Generation and decomposition of volatile tin hydrides monitored by in situ quartz crystal microbalances[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 552, 122-125(2012).
[33] Braginsky O V, Kovalev A S, Lopaev D V et al. Removal of amorphous C and Sn on Mo: Si multilayer mirror surface in hydrogen plasma and afterglow[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 111, 093304(2012).
[34] Beckers J, van de Ven T H M, van der Horst R M et al. EUV-induced plasma: a peculiar phenomenon of a modern lithographic technology[J]. Applied Sciences, 9, 2827(2019).
[35] Hernandez J E, Tanaka N, Yamada R et al. Efficient photo-dissociation-induced production of hydrogen radicals using vacuum ultraviolet light from a laser-produced plasma[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 124, 012101(2024).
[36] van der Horst R M, Beckers J, Osorio E A et al. Exploring the electron density in plasmas induced by extreme ultraviolet radiation in argon[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 48, 285203(2015).
[37] Sporre J, Lofgren R E, Ruzic D N et al. Development of an in situ Sn cleaning method for extreme ultraviolet light lithography[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 7969, 796929(2011).
[38] Tomuro H, Ji M R, Nagata R et al. Evaluation of hydrogen-induced blistering of Mo/Si multilayers with a capping layer[J]. Plasma and Fusion Research, 17, 1406005(2022).
[39] International Symposium on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. In-situ plasma cleaning of collector optics[EB/OL](2013). https://www.proceedings.com/content/021/021900webtoc.pdf
[40] Panici G, Qerimi D, Ruzic D N. Study of Sn removal by surface wave plasma for source cleaning[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 10143, 101432I(2017).
[41] Elg D T, Panici G A, Peck J A et al. Modeling and measurement of hydrogen radical densities of in situ plasma-based Sn cleaning source[J]. Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, 16, 023501(2017).
[42] Elg D T, Panici G A, Liu S M et al. Removal of tin from extreme ultraviolet collector optics by in situ hydrogen plasma etching[J]. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 38, 223-245(2018).
[43] Ji M R, Nagata R, Uchino K. Effect of hydrogen ion energy in the process of reactive ion etching of Sn thin films by hydrogen plasmas[J]. Plasma and Fusion Research, 16, 1406003(2021).
[44] Wang S S, Ye Z B, Pu G et al. In-situ non-destructive removal of tin particles by low-energy plasma for imitation of EUV optical mirrors self-cleaning[J]. Vacuum, 212, 111963(2023).
[45] Behrisch R, Eckstein W[M]. Sputtering by particle bombardment(2007).
[46] van Veldhoven J, Stodólna A S, Storm A et al. Low-energy plasma source for clean vacuum environments: EUV lithography and optical mirrors cleaning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 49, 3132-3141(2021).
[47] van de Ven T H M, Reefman P, de Meijere C A et al. Ion energy distributions in highly transient EUV induced plasma in hydrogen[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 123, 063301(2018).
[48] Böwering N, Meier C. In situ transformation and cleaning of tin-drop contamination on mirrors for extreme ultraviolet light[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 36, 021602(2018).
[49] Böwering N, Meier C. Cryogenic cleaning of tin-drop contamination on surfaces relevant for extreme ultraviolet light collection[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 38, 062602(2020).
[50] Hao M, Teng S, Liu J X et al. Development of a dynamic gas lock inhibited model for EUV-induced carbon deposition[J]. Journal of Chemical Physics, 160, 044708(2024).
[51] Berthelot D, Gaudechon H. Effets chimiques des rayons ultraviolets sur les corps gazeux. actions de polymérization[J]. Compt. Rendus, 150, 1169-1672(1910).
[52] Hren J[M]. Introduction to analytical electron microscopy(2013).
[53] Hirsch P, Kässens M, Püttmann M et al. Contamination in a scanning electron microscope and the influence of specimen cooling[J]. Scanning, 16, 101-110(1994).
[54] Hart R K, Kassner T F, Maurin J K. The contamination of surfaces during high-energy electron irradiation[J]. Philosophical Magazine, 21, 453-467(1970).
[55] Christy R W. Formation of thin polymer films by electron bombardment[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 31, 1680-1683(1960).
[56] Ennos A E. The sources of electron-induced contamination in kinetic vacuum systems[J]. British Journal of Applied Physics, 5, 27-31(1954).
[57] Shaw C G. Wavelength and coverage dependence of spacecraft contaminant photodeposition[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2864, 258-268(1996).
[58] Arnold G S, Luey K. Photochemically deposited contaminant film effects[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2864, 269-285(1996).
[59] Kita T, Harada T, Maezawa H et al. High‐temperature diffraction gratings for synchrotron radiation[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 63, 1424-1427(1992).
[60] Kunz R R, Liberman V, Downs D K. Experimentation and modeling of organic photocontamination on lithographic optics[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, 18, 1306-1313(2000).
[61] Klebanoff L E, Malinowski M E, Grunow P et al. First environmental data from the EUV engineering test stand[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 4343, 342-346(2001).
[62] Hollenshead J T, Klebanoff L E. Modeling carbon contamination of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optics[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 5374, 675-685(2004).
[63] Song Y. Research on atomic hydrogen cleaning carbon contaminations on EUV multilayer[D], 9-11(2017).
[64] Hollenshead J, Klebanoff L. Modeling radiation-induced carbon contamination of extreme ultraviolet optics[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 24, 64-82(2006).
[65] Robertson J. Diamond-like amorphous carbon[J]. Materials Science & Engineering R, 37, 129-281(2002).
[66] Casiraghi C, Piazza F, Ferrari A C et al. Bonding in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon by Raman spectroscopy[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 14, 1098-1102(2005).
[67] Chen J Q, Lee C J, Louis E et al. Characterization of EUV induced carbon films using laser-generated surface acoustic waves[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 18, 768-771(2009).
[68] Dolgov A, Lopaev D, Lee C J et al. Characterization of carbon contamination under ion and hot atom bombardment in a tin-plasma extreme ultraviolet light source[J]. Applied Surface Science, 353, 708-713(2015).
[69] Koster N, Mertens B, Jansen R et al. Molecular contamination mitigation in EUVL by environmental control[J]. Microelectronic Engineering, 61, 65-76(2002).
[70] Takagi N, Anazawa T, Nishiyama I et al. Evaluation of the contamination removal capability and multilayer degradation in various cleaning methods[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 7823, 782327(2010).
[71] Roth J. Chemical erosion of carbon based materials in fusion devices[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 266, 51-57(1999).
[72] Yang G, Wu L F, Wang T et al. Vacuum cleaning of amorphous carbon using hydrogen plasma for EUV lithography[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 307, 117545(2024).
[73] Song Y, Lu Q P, Gong X P. Mechanism and model of atomic hydrogen cleaning for different types of carbon contamination on extreme ultraviolet multilayers[J]. Thin Solid Films, 612, 96-100(2016).
[74] Heya A, Harada T, Niibe M et al. Removal of surface contamination by atomic hydrogen annealing[J]. Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 33, 419-426(2020).
[75] Graham S, Jr, Steinhaus C A, Clift W M et al. Atomic hydrogen cleaning of EUV multilayer optics[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 5037, 460-469(2003).
[76] Nishiyama I, Oizumi H, Motai K et al. Reduction of oxide layer on Ru surface by atomic-hydrogen treatment[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 23, 3129-3131(2005).
[77] Chen J Q, Louis E, Harmsen R et al. In situ ellipsometry study of atomic hydrogen etching of extreme ultraviolet induced carbon layers[J]. Applied Surface Science, 258, 7-12(2011).
[78] Song Y, Lu Q P, Gong X P et al. Study on the characteristics of atomic hydrogen cleaning carbon contamination on multilayers[J]. Vacuum, 196, 110738(2022).
[79] Zyryanov S M, Kovalev A S, Lopaev D V et al. Loss of hydrogen atoms in H2 plasma on the surfaces of materials used in EUV lithography[J]. Plasma Physics Reports, 37, 881-889(2011).
[80] Heya A, Harada T, Niibe M et al. Damage-less removal of surface contamination using atomic hydrogen generated on heated tungsten mesh[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 11908, 119080S(2021).
[81] Larjo J, Koivikko H, Lahtonen K et al. Two-dimensional atomic hydrogen concentration maps in hot-filament diamond-deposition environment[J]. Applied Physics B, 74, 583-587(2002).
[82] Meyer F W, Zhang H, Lance M J et al. Chemical sputtering and surface damage of graphite by low-energy atomic and molecular hydrogen and deuterium projectiles[J]. Vacuum, 82, 880-887(2008).
[83] Hopf C, von Keudell A, Jacob W. Chemical sputtering of hydrocarbon films[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 94, 2373-2380(2003).
[84] Malykhin E M, Lopaev D V, Rakhimov A T et al. Plasma cleaning of multilayer mirrors in EUV lithography from amorphous carbon contaminations[J]. Moscow University Physics Bulletin, 66, 184-189(2011).
[85] Dolgov A, Lopaev D, Rachimova T et al. Comparison of H2 and He carbon cleaning mechanisms in extreme ultraviolet induced and surface wave discharge plasmas[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 47, 065205(2014).
[86] Lu G Q. Study on surface contamination of EUV multilayer optics[D], 12-14(2014).
[87] Malinowski M E, Steinhaus C A, Meeker D E et al. Relation between electron- and photon-caused oxidation in EUVL optics[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 5037, 429-438(2003).
[88] Benoit N, Schröder S, Yulin S et al. Extreme-ultraviolet-induced oxidation of Mo/Si multilayers[J]. Applied Optics, 47, 3455-3462(2008).
[89] Gaines D P, Spitzer R C, Ceglio N M et al. Radiation hardness of molybdenum silicon multilayers designed for use in a soft-x-ray projection lithography system[J]. Applied Optics, 32, 6991-6998(1993).
[90] Bajt S, Chapman H N, Nguyen N et al. Design and performance of capping layers for extreme-ultraviolet multilayer mirrors[J]. Applied Optics, 42, 5750-5758(2003).
[91] Bajt S, Edwards N V, Madey T E. Properties of ultrathin films appropriate for optics capping layers exposed to high energy photon irradiation[J]. Surface Science Reports, 63, 73-99(2008).
[92] Singh M, Braat J J. Capping layers for extreme-ultraviolet multilayer interference coatings[J]. Optics Letters, 26, 259-261(2001).
[93] Singh M, Braat J J M. Improved theoretical reflectivities of extreme ultraviolet mirrors[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 3997, 412-419(2000).
[94] Wang H C, Wang Z S, Li F S et al. Analysis of the reflective performance of EUV multilayer under the influence of capping layer[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 53, 2368-2372(2004).
[95] Xu D, Zhu J T, Zhang Z et al. Design of capping layers on Mo/Si multilayer[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 38, 160-164(2009).
[96] Duan G W. Research on effect of capping layer on the deposition characteristics of Sn contamination on EUV multilayer[D], 22-23(2024).
[97] Ribera R C, van de Kruijs R W E, Yakshin A E et al. Determination of oxygen diffusion kinetics during thin film ruthenium oxidation[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 118, 055303(2015).
[98] Ryunin A I, Ivashentsev Y I. Oxidation of ruthenium and iridium in air[J]. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenij. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya, 73-75(1980).
[99] Herd B, Goritzka J C, Over H. Room temperature oxidation of ruthenium[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117, 15148-15154(2013).
[100] Gupta S, Sinha M, Dhawan R et al. Study of oxidation behaviour of Ruthenium thin film after thermal annealing in oxygen environment[J]. Thin Solid Films, 764, 139606(2023).
[101] Ribera R C, van de Kruijs R W E, Kokke S et al. Surface and sub-surface thermal oxidation of thin ruthenium films[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 105, 131601(2014).
[102] Gomei Y, Kakutani Y, Takase H et al. The role of ambient hydrocarbon species to reduce oxidation in Ru capping layers for EUVL optics mirrors[J]. Microelectronic Engineering, 83, 676-679(2006).
[103] Hashimoto K, Irie H, Fujishima A. TiO2 photocatalysis: a historical overview and future prospects[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 44, 8269-8285(2005).
[104] Bajt S, Hau-Riege S, Alameda J et al. Protective capping layer for EUVL optics using TiO2[C], 1092-1105(2005).
[105] Matsunari S, Kakutani Y, Aoki T et al. Durability of capped multilayer mirrors for high volume manufacturing extreme ultraviolet lithography tool[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 7271, 72713R(2009).
[106] Honda Y, Yanagida T, Shiraishi Y et al. Surface morphology change of protective film on collector mirror related to implantation of Sn emitted from laser produced plasma in EUV light source[J]. Applied Physics Express, 13, 115501(2020).
[107] Chen Y, Li A L, Li Y G et al. Highly transparent porous ZrO2 thin films: fabrication and optical properties[J]. RSC Advances, 5, 35929-35933(2015).
[108] Wilk G D, Wallace R M, Anthony J M. High-κ gate dielectrics: current status and materials properties considerations[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 89, 5243-5275(2001).
[109] Hojabri A. Structural and optical characterization of ZrO2 thin films grown on silicon and quartz substrates[J]. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics, 10, 219-224(2016).
[110] Garoli D, Alaibac M, Pelizzo M G. Ultraviolet filters for sensors matching biological action spectra[J]. Optica Applicata, 44, 611-620(2014).
[111] Reese M, Schäfer B, Großmann P et al. Submicron focusing of XUV radiation from a laser plasma source using a multilayer Laue lens[J]. Applied Physics A, 102, 85-90(2011).
[112] David R[M]. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference of chemical and physical data(2004).
[113] Pachecka M, Sturm J M, van de Kruijs R W E et al. Electronegativity-dependent tin etching from thin films[J]. AIP Advances, 6, 075222(2016).
[114] Panda D, Tseng T Y. Growth, dielectric properties, and memory device applications of ZrO2 thin films[J]. Thin Solid Films, 531, 1-20(2013).
[115] Ribera R C, van de Kruijs R W E, Sturm J M et al. Intermixing and thermal oxidation of ZrO2 thin films grown on a-Si, SiN, and SiO2 by metallic and oxidic mode magnetron sputtering[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 121, 115303(2017).
[116] Malinowski M, Grunow P, Steinhaus C et al. Use of molecular oxygen to reduce EUV-induced carbon contamination of optics[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 4343, 347-356(2001).
[117] Klebanoff L E, Clift W M, Malinowski M E et al. Radiation-induced protective carbon coating for extreme ultraviolet optics[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 20, 696-703(2002).
[118] Tsarfati T, Zoethout E, van de Kruijs R W E et al. Atomic O and H exposure of C-covered and oxidized d-metal surfaces[J]. Surface Science, 603, 2594-2599(2009).
[119] Ugur D, Storm A J, Verberk R et al. Kinetics of reduction of a RuO2(110) film on Ru(0001) by atomic hydrogen[J]. Microelectronic Engineering, 110, 60-65(2013).
[120] Dolgov A, Lee C J, Bijkerk F et al. Plasma-assisted oxide removal from ruthenium-coated EUV optics[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 123, 153301(2018).