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    Journals >Journal of Geographical Sciences >Volume 30 >Issue 11 >Page 1871 > Article
    • Journal of Geographical Sciences
    • Vol. 30, Issue 11, 1871 (2020)
    Energy geopolitics in Central Asia: China’s involvement and responses
    Qiang ZHOU1、2, Ze HE1、2, and Yu YANG1、2、*
    Author Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    • show less
    DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1816-6 Cite this Article
    Qiang ZHOU, Ze HE, Yu YANG. Energy geopolitics in Central Asia: China’s involvement and responses[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(11): 1871 Copy Citation Text show less
    The analysis framework of energy geopolitics in Central Asia
    Fig. 1. The analysis framework of energy geopolitics in Central Asia
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    China’s import dependence for oil, 1990-2018Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2019
    Fig. 2. China’s import dependence for oil, 1990-2018Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2019
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    Trade in oil between China and Central Asian countries in 1995, 2005, and 2015 (10 million tons)Source: UN Comtrade website, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.
    Fig. 3. Trade in oil between China and Central Asian countries in 1995, 2005, and 2015 (10 million tons)Source: UN Comtrade website, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.
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    Changes in volumes and main export directions of Central AsiaSource: UN Comtrade website, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.
    Fig. 4. Changes in volumes and main export directions of Central AsiaSource: UN Comtrade website, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.
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    Oil trade interdependence between China and KazakhstanSource: UN Comtrade website, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.
    Fig. 5. Oil trade interdependence between China and KazakhstanSource: UN Comtrade website, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.
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    Economic freedom index values for five Central Asian countries
    Fig. 6. Economic freedom index values for five Central Asian countries
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    Global governance indicator rankings for Central Asia
    Fig. 7. Global governance indicator rankings for Central Asia
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    Countries20142015201620172018
    For supplies to Europe
    Turkmenistan11.03.1---
    Uzbekistan3.63.54.35.53.8
    Kazakhstan10.912.612.713.812.3
    For supplies to southern Kazakhstan
    Uzbekistan3.72.91.91.72.9
    For supplies to Kyrgyzstan
    Uzbekistan0.040.0*0.0*0.0*0.0*
    Kazakhstan0.060.20.20.30.3
    Table 1.

    Gas purchases in Central Asia by Gazprom Group (billion cubic meters)

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    Qiang ZHOU, Ze HE, Yu YANG. Energy geopolitics in Central Asia: China’s involvement and responses[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(11): 1871
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