• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 62, Issue 1, 0101001 (2025)
Zheng Zhao1、*, Zhiyu Zhang1, and Songhua Wu1、2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong , China
  • 2Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, Shandong , China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP241108 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Zheng Zhao, Zhiyu Zhang, Songhua Wu. Impulse Response of ICESat-2 Satellite LiDAR System and Inversion Study of Ocean Optical Parameters[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(1): 0101001 Copy Citation Text show less
    ATLAS nighttime data for the Atlantic and the Uyuni Salt Marsh region. (a) Atlantic photon point cloud; (b) Atlantic histogram of photon event accumulation; (c) Uyuni salt marsh region photon point cloud; (d) Uyuni salt marsh region histogram of photon event accumulation
    Fig. 1. ATLAS nighttime data for the Atlantic and the Uyuni Salt Marsh region. (a) Atlantic photon point cloud; (b) Atlantic histogram of photon event accumulation; (c) Uyuni salt marsh region photon point cloud; (d) Uyuni salt marsh region histogram of photon event accumulation
    Accumulation histogram of photon events on different surfaces. (a) Accumulation of ground experiment data; (b) accumulation of on-orbit ocean data; (c) accumulation of on-orbit salt marsh data; (d) accumulation of on-orbit desert data
    Fig. 2. Accumulation histogram of photon events on different surfaces. (a) Accumulation of ground experiment data; (b) accumulation of on-orbit ocean data; (c) accumulation of on-orbit salt marsh data; (d) accumulation of on-orbit desert data
    Theoretical values of pulse broadening of ATLAS system for different surface roughness and surface slope
    Fig. 3. Theoretical values of pulse broadening of ATLAS system for different surface roughness and surface slope
    Data quality control process
    Fig. 4. Data quality control process
    Uyuni salt marsh data and its quality control results. (a) Initial point cloud data of Uyuni salt marsh; (b) quality control results
    Fig. 5. Uyuni salt marsh data and its quality control results. (a) Initial point cloud data of Uyuni salt marsh; (b) quality control results
    Comparison results of Uyuni salt marsh ATL03 data before and after peak alignment and its profile signal. (a) Photon point cloud without peak alignment; (b) accumulation histogram without peak alignment; (c) photon point cloud after peak alignment; (d) accumulation histogram after peak alignment
    Fig. 6. Comparison results of Uyuni salt marsh ATL03 data before and after peak alignment and its profile signal. (a) Photon point cloud without peak alignment; (b) accumulation histogram without peak alignment; (c) photon point cloud after peak alignment; (d) accumulation histogram after peak alignment
    Comparison result of system impulse response function. (a) System impulse response function of system established after quality control; (b) system impulse response function of system established directly
    Fig. 7. Comparison result of system impulse response function. (a) System impulse response function of system established after quality control; (b) system impulse response function of system established directly
    Comparison of bbp inversion results in the Black Sea area based on different system impulse response functions. (a) SIRg; (b) SIRqcs; (c) SIRqcd; (d) SIRqus; (e) SIRqud
    Fig. 8. Comparison of bbp inversion results in the Black Sea area based on different system impulse response functions. (a) SIRg; (b) SIRqcs; (c) SIRqcd; (d) SIRqus; (e) SIRqud
    Comparison of bb and bbp inversion results for Black Sea area. (a) Inversion results of bbp; (b) inversion results of bb
    Fig. 9. Comparison of bb and bbp inversion results for Black Sea area. (a) Inversion results of bbp; (b) inversion results of bb
    Surface typePOSAP1 /nsPOSAP2 /nsAP1 /AP0AP2 /AP0σAP0
    Test hard target15.4727.911.300×10-37.600×10-46.100×10-2
    Ocean15.3527.852.455×10-31.405×10-32.452×10-1
    Salt marsh15.4527.751.226×10-37.933×10-41.250×10-1
    Desert15.5027.701.368×10-38.521×10-42.334×10-1
    Table 1. Comparison of relative positions and relative intensities of AP1, AP2, and AP0
    ParameterSIRqcsSIRqusSIRqcdSIRqudSIRg
    μ-0.023-0.035-0.024-0.044-0.127
    σ0.0870.0950.0890.1420.061
    τ0.1350.1490.1390.1480.113
    Δμ114.7114.7615.1014.9615.47
    Δμ228.0828.1728.2028.6027.91
    Table 2. Parameter fitting results for ex-Gaussian distribution
    Response functionbbp /%bb /%
    SIRgBGC-ArgoSIRgMODIS
    SIRqcd Beam 122.566.243.542.3
    SIRqcd Beam 326.371.336.848.5
    SIRqcd Beam 519.270.544.339.3
    SIRqcs Beam 118.366.540.038.2
    SIRqus Beam 184.7156.5133.7121.2
    SIRqud Beam 1112.6188.0158.6150.3
    Table 3. Comparison of inversion results of corrected impulse response function of system built with different data
    Zheng Zhao, Zhiyu Zhang, Songhua Wu. Impulse Response of ICESat-2 Satellite LiDAR System and Inversion Study of Ocean Optical Parameters[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(1): 0101001
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