Probing the optical properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is vital to its application in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, catalysts, sensing, and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we theoretically studied the Raman and fluorescence properties of monolayer MoS2 using tip-enhanced spectroscopy (TES). In the strong-coupling TES system, the Raman and fluorescence enhancement factors can be turned to as high as 4.5×108 and 3.3×103, respectively, by optimizing the tip–MoS2-film distance. Our theoretical results not only help to deeply understand the TES properties of monolayer MoS2, but also provide better guidance on the applications of the novel two-dimensional material.