The mismatch between supply and demand in public transport resource allocation leads to inefficiencies in operations and waste of resources. Therefore, it is essential to identify mismatched regions in public transport resource allocation. However, due to the scale effect of public transport resource allocation and the differences in mobility and travel preferences among regions, it is challenging to identify the mismatch relationship. By calculating the locational quotient (LQ) to identify regions of imbalance between supply and demand, and using the multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to analyze the supply and demand adjustment mechanism with spatial differentiation, this paper comprehensively identified the mismatched regions of public transport resource, and conducted an empirical analysis in Jiading District, Shanghai. The regression results show that the residential-job density, bus service frequency, factory land ratio, and metro station presence have significant local effects on ridership, indicating strong spatial heterogeneity. Based on the induced ridership potential of residential-job density and the bus service frequency, this paper classified the region into four categories: “strong-strong”, “strong-weak”, “weak-strong” and “weak-weak”. Then it proposed differentiated strategies for public transport development. The “strong-strong” and “weak-weak” types represent regions with mismatched supply and demand, where it is recommended to adjust public transport supply using LQ analysis. For the “strong-weak” and “weak-strong” types, strategies should focus on optimization of the network layout and introduction of travel demand, respectively. The proposed method for identifying mismatched public transport resource regions contributes to the theoretical advancement of scientifically allocating public transport resources and improving efficiency while reducing costs.