At present, research on surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor reading systems both domestically and internationally mainly focuses on the performance indicators of the sensors, with relatively less research on wireless transmission systems for readers. The performance of readers is often affected by factors such as isolation and timing control, which prevent their full potential and severely limit the system’s ability to read remotely. In response to this issue, this article conducts in-depth research on the factors that affect the performance of SAW wireless transmission systems, and analyzes and processes the exponential attenuation echo signal and system noise unique to SAW, further improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the echo signal and achieving a SAW reader system with high receiving sensitivity and high integration. The experimental results show that the wired receiving sensitivity of the SAW reader system can reach -110 dBm, and it can achieve wireless detection with demodulation accuracy of ±0.5 ℃ at a distance of 2 m, indicating its long-distance and high-precision reading capability.