We propose a novel method and develop a device for the three-dimensional measurement of light-field polarization vectors. The device can analyze the polarization state at each point in the light field and measure the wavefront distribution using a polarization analysis system comprising a polarizer, waveplate, and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, thereby enabling the reconstruction of a three-dimensional polarization-vector distribution. Using a polarization modulation device and spatial-light modulator, we experimentally generate laser beams with varying polarization states and wavefronts, which are subsequently tested under four light-field conditions. Results show the device performs excellently, with the root-mean-square (RMS) error of the Stokes vector below 0.05, and the RMS and peak-to-valley (PV) values of wavefront error below 0.1 μm. This method effectively overcomes the limitations of conventional two-dimensional detections. It accurately restores three-dimensional polarization information as well as provides high-spatial-resolution and precise polarization-vector measurements, thus offering an effective option for optical measurement with broad application prospects.