Human glycolipid transport protein (GLTP) is a key protein that regulates the transport of different types of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) into and out of the cytoplasmic membrane of the organism. Studies have shown that in cervical cancer (CC), GLTP may regulate the immune status in the tumor microenvironment through the interface between macrophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, exerting an oncostatic effect and being able to prognosticate the survival of CC patients, with the potential to be a therapeutic drug target, whereas the specific mechanism of action of GLTP in CC has not yet been reported. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, the upregulation of miR-196b directly targets GLTP mRNA to downregulate its protein expression level, and the overexpression of GLTP can induce necrotic apoptosis in some CRC cells by interfering with cell cycle progression and sphingolipid metabolism, suggesting that GLTP is expected to be an important target and prognostic marker for precision therapy of CRC. Furthermore, GLTP has been demonstrated to regulate the resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/miR-196a/GLTP pathway, its expression level has been shown to correlate with tumor grading and patient survival. GLTP may serve as a novel biological marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC cells resistant to TKIs. In conclusion, the role of GLTP in various types of tumors is of great clinical value and is expected to provide new directions for clinical treatment and prognosis assessment of cancer.