The nuclear fusion reaction using deuterium and tritium fuel produces a large number of neutrons, γ rays and activation products, which have an impact on the radiation safety of people and the environment. In order to reduce the impact of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to know accurately well the time and space distribution information of nuclear radiation field intensity in fusion device. The magnetic confinement fusion devices built in the world have established a complete nuclear radiation monitoring system according to their own operating conditions to deal with the potential impact of ionizing radiation. By monitoring the radiation dose during the operation and maintenance of the magnetic confinement fusion device, the ionizing radiation and radionuclide data of the experimental site and the surrounding environment are obtained, which provides data support for radiation safety protection management. Based on the investigation of radiation monitoring systems of magnetic confinement fusion device at home and abroad, the main ionizing radiation source terms and monitoring system architecture are reviewed in this paper, and the measuring methods and common detectors of neutron and γ radiation dose in magnetic confinement fusion are introduced. Finally, the research status of radiation monitoring system for nuclear fusion devices at home and abroad is summarized, and the development trend and goal of nuclear radiation monitoring system in the future are prospected.