The wear of a wheel flange and the swinging of a sintering machine trolley may cause the trolley to derail, causing safety production accidents. Currently, the detection method significantly depends on manual inspection, which has drawbacks, such as poor working conditions, low detection efficiency, and the potential for missed detections and false alarms. In this study, a platform for detecting the flange thickness and swing angle of sintering machine trolley wheels was established. Two laser projection lines of the wheel flange profile are formed on the surface of the trolley wheels using a dual-line laser. The collected laser stripe lines of the wheel flange profile undergo image processing, including median filtering, morphological operations, skeleton extraction, and connected component analysis. The system extracts the laser stripe centerline and critical measurement points at both ends of the wheel flange. Based on the geometric relationship between the rail, wheel flange, and laser stripe lines, the system detects the wheel flange thickness and swing angle. The experimental results demonstrate that the detection method can achieve real-time detection of the flange thickness and swing angle. The relative error of the flange thickness measurement is 0.31%, and the absolute error is approximately 1 mm. The relative error of the swing angle measurement is 0.56%, and the absolute error is approximately 1°. These values satisfy the production requirements of the sintering process and provides technical support for the safe and stable operation of sintering machine trolley.