With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless self-powered sensing has become an important technical means for monitoring the airframe state and flight environment. However, airframe vibrations are characterized by a wide distribution range, high excitation frequencies, and a broad frequency domain, making it challenging for a single piezoelectric energy collector to capture energy effectively. To address these issues, this paper develops a self-powered sensing system based on an array-type piezoelectric energy collector. The system comprises an array-type piezoelectric energy harvester, a power management circuit, a sensing node, a low-power Bluetooth module, and a microcontroller. The piezoelectric energy harvester utilizes a piezoelectric thick-film scheme, achieving the highest average output power density of 4 mW·cm^-3·g^-2 at 693 Hz (resonant frequency) under 2 g acceleration. The power management circuit features an improved rectifier design and an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit, enabling efficient energy transfer and release. The charging speed is 1.3 times faster than that of an ordinary rectifier, and the maximum output power reaches 1.32 mW. Combined with a microcontroller for timing control, the system achieves dynamic balance, allowing for the transmission of data readings at fixed intervals over an extended period of time.