Journals >Chinese Optics Letters
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2 Issue (s), 13 Article (s)
Vol. 23, Iss.7—Jul.1, 2025 • pp: 071405- Spec. pp:
Vol. 23, Iss.6—Jun.1, 2025 • pp: 060601- Spec. pp:
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Research ArticlesVol. 23, Iss.7-Jul..1,2025
Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
All-optical tuning of a multi-walled carbon nanotube-coated microcavityJihui Zheng, Youwei Wang, Xiaoling Jin, Chen Jiang, Bing Sun, Fumin Zhang, and Zuxing Zhang
In this paper, an all-optical tuning scheme of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-coated microcavity is introduced, achieving high-speed precise resonance control across the free spectral range (FSR). A modulation laser input through the microcavity tail fiber adjusts the resonance peak position, achieving a tuning efficiency of 107.3 pm/mW below 15 mW, with a maximum range exceeding one FSR and a response time of ∼20 ms. Combined with a fixed-wavelength pump, this scheme can precisely control the microcomb states. The scheme offers high tuning efficiency, simple fabrication, and low cost, making it suitable for applications in microcomb control and optical filters.In this paper, an all-optical tuning scheme of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-coated microcavity is introduced, achieving high-speed precise resonance control across the free spectral range (FSR). A modulation laser input through the microcavity tail fiber adjusts the resonance peak position, achieving a tuning efficiency of 107.3 pm/mW below 15 mW, with a maximum range exceeding one FSR and a response time of ∼20 ms. Combined with a fixed-wavelength pump, this scheme can precisely control the microcomb states. The scheme offers high tuning efficiency, simple fabrication, and low cost, making it suitable for applications in microcomb control and optical filters.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Apr. 23, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 7, 071405 (2025)
Research ArticlesVol. 23, Iss.6-Jun..1,2025
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Machine vision-based intelligent turbulence perception for underwater wireless optical communicationYan Jia, Zhitong Huang, Jie Xu, Hongcheng Qiu, Yi Gao, and Yuefeng Ji
Turbulence induced by thermohaline gradient and air bubbles poses a significant challenge to the robustness of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems. It is imperative to accurately measure the turbulence intensity of the channel to guide the design of adaptive UWOC systems. However, current measurements based on pilot information consume additional spectral resources. We propose a machine vision-based intelligent turbulence perception (MV-ITP) mechanism to measure the turbulence intensity of the underwater channel. The MV-ITP mechanism utilizes the spatiotemporal intrinsic coupling correlation between optical imaging and optical communication to establish a precise quantitative relationship between the pixel intensity variation of the beam images and the scintillation index. We conduct experiments under different turbulence conditions induced by temperature, salinity, as well as air bubbles, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can accurately measure the intensity of turbulence.Turbulence induced by thermohaline gradient and air bubbles poses a significant challenge to the robustness of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems. It is imperative to accurately measure the turbulence intensity of the channel to guide the design of adaptive UWOC systems. However, current measurements based on pilot information consume additional spectral resources. We propose a machine vision-based intelligent turbulence perception (MV-ITP) mechanism to measure the turbulence intensity of the underwater channel. The MV-ITP mechanism utilizes the spatiotemporal intrinsic coupling correlation between optical imaging and optical communication to establish a precise quantitative relationship between the pixel intensity variation of the beam images and the scintillation index. We conduct experiments under different turbulence conditions induced by temperature, salinity, as well as air bubbles, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can accurately measure the intensity of turbulence.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 060601 (2025)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Highly robust and hardware-efficient frame synchronization and carrier recovery via pilot-only approaches for short-reach optical interconnectionsChenchen Wang, Zhipei Li, Ze Dong, Junyuan Song, Ran Gao, Dong Guo, Huan Chang, Lei Zhu, Xiaolong Pan, Tianle Mai, Shanting Hu, and Xiangjun Xin
We propose a cost-effective scheme relying exclusively on pilot symbols for robust frame synchronization and high-precision, wide-range carrier recovery in short-reach optical interconnects. Our method mitigates phase offsets and enhances phase tracking by strategically placing dual-polarization pilot symbols, both aligned and misaligned, within the frame. Compared to traditional carrier recovery schemes, our approach offers a broader frequency offset estimation range, higher carrier recovery accuracy, and significantly lower computational complexity. Experimental results show a 0.7 dB sensitivity improvement at the soft decision forward error correction threshold, outperforming Fourier transform-based frequency offset estimation combined with blind phase search.We propose a cost-effective scheme relying exclusively on pilot symbols for robust frame synchronization and high-precision, wide-range carrier recovery in short-reach optical interconnects. Our method mitigates phase offsets and enhances phase tracking by strategically placing dual-polarization pilot symbols, both aligned and misaligned, within the frame. Compared to traditional carrier recovery schemes, our approach offers a broader frequency offset estimation range, higher carrier recovery accuracy, and significantly lower computational complexity. Experimental results show a 0.7 dB sensitivity improvement at the soft decision forward error correction threshold, outperforming Fourier transform-based frequency offset estimation combined with blind phase search.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 19, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 060602 (2025)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Magnetic actuation of paramagnetic liquids for optical beam steering in high-speed optical wireless communicationsMithilesh K. Mane, Amjad Ali, Riffat Tehseen, Arfan Mahmood, and Jing Xu
This study examines paramagnetic liquids for optical beam steering in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. By employing magnetic actuation, effective optical beam control was achieved for both free-space optics (FSO) and underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Experimental findings revealed that dysprosium nitrate provided the highest beam steering angles of 5.99° in the ±X direction and 5.73° in the ±Y direction. Additionally, power loss analysis indicated minimal absorption and scattering for dysprosium nitrate and gadolinium nitrate. The system achieved high-speed data rates of 2.1 Gbps for FSO and 1.9 Gbps for UWOC systems, showcasing the promise of this technology.This study examines paramagnetic liquids for optical beam steering in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. By employing magnetic actuation, effective optical beam control was achieved for both free-space optics (FSO) and underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Experimental findings revealed that dysprosium nitrate provided the highest beam steering angles of 5.99° in the ±X direction and 5.73° in the ±Y direction. Additionally, power loss analysis indicated minimal absorption and scattering for dysprosium nitrate and gadolinium nitrate. The system achieved high-speed data rates of 2.1 Gbps for FSO and 1.9 Gbps for UWOC systems, showcasing the promise of this technology.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 20, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 060603 (2025)
Instrumentation, Measurement, and Optical Sensing
Absolute linear-angular synchronous positioning at the microscale based on a metasurface array reflectorWanghang Gu, Junchen Liu, Xueyan Lin, Xinghua Qu, and Fumin Zhang
In this research, we report a two-dimensional pose measurement scheme based on a metasurface array reflector, which enables absolute tracking of both linear and angular positions. The metasurface array reflector, utilizing the tailored optical field characteristics of a plasmonic absorption structure, simultaneously responds to linear and angular displacements within the illuminated optical field range and provides a characteristic absolute code to the receiving end. This code can be used to map the target’s linear and angular position. By matching it with a pre-established template network, it is possible to track the target’s absolute position. Under μm-level linear displacements and μrad-level angular displacements, we achieved precise two-dimensional linear and angular tracking and positioning based on this device.In this research, we report a two-dimensional pose measurement scheme based on a metasurface array reflector, which enables absolute tracking of both linear and angular positions. The metasurface array reflector, utilizing the tailored optical field characteristics of a plasmonic absorption structure, simultaneously responds to linear and angular displacements within the illuminated optical field range and provides a characteristic absolute code to the receiving end. This code can be used to map the target’s linear and angular position. By matching it with a pre-established template network, it is possible to track the target’s absolute position. Under μm-level linear displacements and μrad-level angular displacements, we achieved precise two-dimensional linear and angular tracking and positioning based on this device.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 061201 (2025)
Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
A kilohertz nanosecond 1645 nm KTA-OPO pumped by a 1064 nm pulse laser for methane detectionHanlin Jiang, Chao Ma, Mingjian Wang, Zhenzhen Yu, Yue Song, Yan Feng, Shiguang Li, Jiqiao Liu, Xia Hou, and Weibiao Chen
In this Letter, we studied a kilohertz nanosecond 1645 nm optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for methane detection. The OPO pump source was an electro-optical Q-switched 1064 nm oscillator, followed by a preamplifier and two Innoslab amplifiers. Two KTiOAsO4 crystals with type II angular phase matching were used as the nonlinear working materials, and two plane mirrors were used for the OPO cavity. We achieved the signal light with an average power of 9.32 W and a minimum pulse duration of 1.8 ns at a repetition rate of 8 kHz for a 54.1 W pump power, and the optical-optical conversion efficiency was 17.3%. The beam quality was measured as Mx2 = 1.08 and My2 = 1.22. The wavelength of the signal light was continuously tunable from 1641.9207 to 1648.1791 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power achieved at the kilohertz regime of a 1645 nm laser.In this Letter, we studied a kilohertz nanosecond 1645 nm optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for methane detection. The OPO pump source was an electro-optical Q-switched 1064 nm oscillator, followed by a preamplifier and two Innoslab amplifiers. Two KTiOAsO4 crystals with type II angular phase matching were used as the nonlinear working materials, and two plane mirrors were used for the OPO cavity. We achieved the signal light with an average power of 9.32 W and a minimum pulse duration of 1.8 ns at a repetition rate of 8 kHz for a 54.1 W pump power, and the optical-optical conversion efficiency was 17.3%. The beam quality was measured as Mx2 = 1.08 and My2 = 1.22. The wavelength of the signal light was continuously tunable from 1641.9207 to 1648.1791 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power achieved at the kilohertz regime of a 1645 nm laser.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 061401 (2025)
Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
0.275 THz high-power ultrahigh-repetition-rate pulses in a dissipative fiber ring cavity by ultrafast ignitionJingmin Liu, Xu Chen, Junjie Jiang, Wenlin Luan, and Xia Yu
We present a novel all-fiber ultrahigh-repetition-rate pulse (UHRP) source based on ultrafast pulse-stimulated dissipative four-wave mixing (FWM). By injecting an ultrafast seed pulse into a dissipative ring cavity equipped with a spectral shaper, a comb-like nonlinear response is generated. The high peak power of the seed pulse reaches the FWM threshold, stimulating a 0.275 THz pulse with an output power of 0.5 W. The gain and spectral shaper in the fiber ring cavity form a dissipative system that modifies the initial field both temporally and spectrally, ensuring UHRP stability even after the pulse is turned off.We present a novel all-fiber ultrahigh-repetition-rate pulse (UHRP) source based on ultrafast pulse-stimulated dissipative four-wave mixing (FWM). By injecting an ultrafast seed pulse into a dissipative ring cavity equipped with a spectral shaper, a comb-like nonlinear response is generated. The high peak power of the seed pulse reaches the FWM threshold, stimulating a 0.275 THz pulse with an output power of 0.5 W. The gain and spectral shaper in the fiber ring cavity form a dissipative system that modifies the initial field both temporally and spectrally, ensuring UHRP stability even after the pulse is turned off.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 061402 (2025)
Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
Quasi-continuous-wave diode-pumped Yb:YCOB monolithic laser with peak power beyond 200 WYa Zhou, Fei Liang, Huichen Si, Dazhi Lu, Haohai Yu, and Huaijin Zhang
High-power diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSLs) can support many important applications owing to their simple setup and high efficiency. However, the thermal effect in the laser crystal is a major limiting factor for laser power improvement. Here, we originally present a quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) diode-pumped monolithic Yb3+-doped YCa4O(BO3)3 (Yb:YCOB) laser and realize the power scaling at room temperature by removing the heat efficiently. The Yb:YCOB laser at 1024 nm is designed with a quantum efficiency of 95%. A high-power QCW laser is realized with an output peak power of up to 226.7 W, a pulse energy of 12.2 mJ, and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 41.2%. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the record peak power in Yb:YCOB lasers and should have promising applications in some modern devices requiring high-power and large-energy lasers.High-power diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSLs) can support many important applications owing to their simple setup and high efficiency. However, the thermal effect in the laser crystal is a major limiting factor for laser power improvement. Here, we originally present a quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) diode-pumped monolithic Yb3+-doped YCa4O(BO3)3 (Yb:YCOB) laser and realize the power scaling at room temperature by removing the heat efficiently. The Yb:YCOB laser at 1024 nm is designed with a quantum efficiency of 95%. A high-power QCW laser is realized with an output peak power of up to 226.7 W, a pulse energy of 12.2 mJ, and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 41.2%. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the record peak power in Yb:YCOB lasers and should have promising applications in some modern devices requiring high-power and large-energy lasers.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 061403 (2025)
Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
Dynamic coherence control of random lasers and its effect on speckle and edge sharpness of imagesZhihao Li, Jianghao Li, Yanyan Huo, Yangjian Cai, and Yuan Wan
In this Letter, we designed a random laser based on a nematic liquid crystal with titanium nitride nanoparticles, which has low spatial coherence, and its spatial coherence can be dynamically manipulated by the applied voltage. In a scattering environment, the speckle effect can be effectively suppressed using the random laser as the light source, and the speckle degree is controlled by the applied voltage. Moreover, with the decrease of the spatial coherence of the random laser, the imaging edges become blurred. We provided a quantitative way to optimize the image quality between uniformity and edge sharpness while improving the signal-to-noise ratio.In this Letter, we designed a random laser based on a nematic liquid crystal with titanium nitride nanoparticles, which has low spatial coherence, and its spatial coherence can be dynamically manipulated by the applied voltage. In a scattering environment, the speckle effect can be effectively suppressed using the random laser as the light source, and the speckle degree is controlled by the applied voltage. Moreover, with the decrease of the spatial coherence of the random laser, the imaging edges become blurred. We provided a quantitative way to optimize the image quality between uniformity and edge sharpness while improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 061404 (2025)
Microwave Photonics
Photonics-enabled broadband continuous-wave terahertz computed tomographyZuomin Yang, Lu Zhang, Zhidong Lü, Xing Fang, and Xianbin Yu
In this paper, we propose a photonic terahertz (THz) continuous-wave computed tomography (CT) system employing an optical frequency comb and specialized imaging algorithms. Our work leverages the system to offer unique advantages in detecting and analyzing samples that are challenging for traditional 2D scanning systems. Our experimental results, operating at 330 GHz, reach an exceptionally low amplitude standard deviation of 0.016 mV. Additionally, the proposed system performs nondestructive CT detection with a 0.5 mm error margin and obtains enhanced image quality, showing its great promise for implementing THz-CT imaging with high robustness and resolution.In this paper, we propose a photonic terahertz (THz) continuous-wave computed tomography (CT) system employing an optical frequency comb and specialized imaging algorithms. Our work leverages the system to offer unique advantages in detecting and analyzing samples that are challenging for traditional 2D scanning systems. Our experimental results, operating at 330 GHz, reach an exceptionally low amplitude standard deviation of 0.016 mV. Additionally, the proposed system performs nondestructive CT detection with a 0.5 mm error margin and obtains enhanced image quality, showing its great promise for implementing THz-CT imaging with high robustness and resolution.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 063901 (2025)
Nanophotonics, Metamaterials, and Plasmonics
Compact nanohole/disk array-based plasmonic fiber-optic end-facet sensing probe: batch preparation and performance determinationYijin He, Yuzhang Liang, Xinran Wei, Yuqi Du, Lanlan Shen, Jingyuan Zhao, Cheng Yang, Yurui Fang, and Wei Peng
A gold nanohole/disk array-based plasmonic fiber end-facet sensing probe is proposed and demonstrated experimentally, where the hybrid plasmon mode on the top surface used for sensing is excited by the cooperative effect of the near-field coupling between the nanohole and the nanodisk, as well as the localized surface plasmon of the nanodisk. The high-quality integration of the nanohole/disk array on the fiber end facet is achieved by combining nanoimprint lithography on a planar substrate with fiber ultraviolet (UV)-curable adhesive transfer techniques. As a result, the fabricated fiber probe experimentally exhibits a moderately high bulk refractive index sensitivity of ∼196.91 nm/RIU and excellent surface sensitivity. Furthermore, the specific identification and determination of protein molecules verify their sensitivity analysis capabilities for future bioassays. This work provides a feasible plasmonic excitation strategy and enables batch-manufactured technology for nanostructure-based fiber probes to break through the current bottlenecks in biosensing applications.A gold nanohole/disk array-based plasmonic fiber end-facet sensing probe is proposed and demonstrated experimentally, where the hybrid plasmon mode on the top surface used for sensing is excited by the cooperative effect of the near-field coupling between the nanohole and the nanodisk, as well as the localized surface plasmon of the nanodisk. The high-quality integration of the nanohole/disk array on the fiber end facet is achieved by combining nanoimprint lithography on a planar substrate with fiber ultraviolet (UV)-curable adhesive transfer techniques. As a result, the fabricated fiber probe experimentally exhibits a moderately high bulk refractive index sensitivity of ∼196.91 nm/RIU and excellent surface sensitivity. Furthermore, the specific identification and determination of protein molecules verify their sensitivity analysis capabilities for future bioassays. This work provides a feasible plasmonic excitation strategy and enables batch-manufactured technology for nanostructure-based fiber probes to break through the current bottlenecks in biosensing applications.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 063601 (2025)
Optoelectronics
High-performance broadband photodetectors based on b-As0.5P0.5 for infrared optical communication and imagingQianli Ma, Yiheng Li, Dawei He, Yongsheng Wang, and Yajie Yang
Infrared (IR) photodetectors (PDs) are crucial for medical imaging, optical communication, security surveillance, remote sensing, and gas identification. In this Letter, we systematically investigated a room temperature IR PD based on two-dimensional b-As0.5P0.5, a relatively unexplored component of b-AsP alloys. We synthesized high-quality b-As0.5P0.5 flakes via the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method with precisely controlled conditions. The fabricated b-As0.5P0.5 PD exhibits excellent photoconductivity, high responsivity, and a fast response in the visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) band. It achieves a responsivity of ∼0.209 A·W-1 and a response time of ∼16.6 µs under 1550 nm IR illumination. High-resolution single-pixel point optical imaging and high-speed optical communication were realized by the b-As0.5P0.5 PDs. This study confirms that b-As0.5P0.5 materials are highly promising for advanced IR optoelectronic applications.Infrared (IR) photodetectors (PDs) are crucial for medical imaging, optical communication, security surveillance, remote sensing, and gas identification. In this Letter, we systematically investigated a room temperature IR PD based on two-dimensional b-As0.5P0.5, a relatively unexplored component of b-AsP alloys. We synthesized high-quality b-As0.5P0.5 flakes via the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method with precisely controlled conditions. The fabricated b-As0.5P0.5 PD exhibits excellent photoconductivity, high responsivity, and a fast response in the visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) band. It achieves a responsivity of ∼0.209 A·W-1 and a response time of ∼16.6 µs under 1550 nm IR illumination. High-resolution single-pixel point optical imaging and high-speed optical communication were realized by the b-As0.5P0.5 PDs. This study confirms that b-As0.5P0.5 materials are highly promising for advanced IR optoelectronic applications.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 19, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 062501 (2025)
Physical Optics
Generation and manipulation of multiple multidimensional perfect Poincaré beams enabled by a single-layer all-dielectric geometric metasurfaceXimin Tian, Shenglan Zhang, Yaning Xu, Junwei Xu, Yafeng Huang, Liang Li, Jielong Liu, Kun Xu, Xiaolong Ma, Linjie Fu, and Zhi-Yuan Li
Perfect Poincaré beams (PPBs) are highly esteemed for their topological charge-independent radius and intensity profile. However, the generation and manipulation of PPBs typically involve two-dimensional planes perpendicular to the optical axis, hindering broader usability. Here, leveraging a single-layer all-dielectric geometric metasurface platform, we numerically showcase the generation and manipulation of multiple multidimensional PPBs. Multiple dimensions of PPBs, involving orbital angular momentum (OAM), polarization state, and three-dimensional (3D) spatial propagation, can be manipulated independently via tailoring topological charges assigned to two orthogonal perfect vortex beam (PVB) components, varying initial phase difference and amplitude ratios between two orthogonal PVB components, and strategizing 3D propagation trajectories. To demonstrate the feasibility of the recipe, two metasurfaces are designed: one is for generating an array of PPBs with tailored polarization states along cylindrical helical trajectories, and the other is for creating dual arrays of PPBs with personalized OAM and polarization eigenstates across two misaligned focal planes. As a proof-of-concept illustration, we showcase an optical information encryption scheme through a single metasurface encoding personalized polarization states and OAM in parallel channels of multiple PPBs. This work endeavors to establish an ultra-compact platform for generating and manipulating multiple PPBs, potentially advancing their applications in optical encryption, particle manipulation, and quantum optics.Perfect Poincaré beams (PPBs) are highly esteemed for their topological charge-independent radius and intensity profile. However, the generation and manipulation of PPBs typically involve two-dimensional planes perpendicular to the optical axis, hindering broader usability. Here, leveraging a single-layer all-dielectric geometric metasurface platform, we numerically showcase the generation and manipulation of multiple multidimensional PPBs. Multiple dimensions of PPBs, involving orbital angular momentum (OAM), polarization state, and three-dimensional (3D) spatial propagation, can be manipulated independently via tailoring topological charges assigned to two orthogonal perfect vortex beam (PVB) components, varying initial phase difference and amplitude ratios between two orthogonal PVB components, and strategizing 3D propagation trajectories. To demonstrate the feasibility of the recipe, two metasurfaces are designed: one is for generating an array of PPBs with tailored polarization states along cylindrical helical trajectories, and the other is for creating dual arrays of PPBs with personalized OAM and polarization eigenstates across two misaligned focal planes. As a proof-of-concept illustration, we showcase an optical information encryption scheme through a single metasurface encoding personalized polarization states and OAM in parallel channels of multiple PPBs. This work endeavors to establish an ultra-compact platform for generating and manipulating multiple PPBs, potentially advancing their applications in optical encryption, particle manipulation, and quantum optics.
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: May. 22, 2025
- Vol. 23, Issue 6, 062601 (2025)
Structured light: fundamentals and applications (2025)
Call for Papers
Editor (s): Yuanjie Yang, Yangjian Cai, Qiwen Zhan
Special Issue on the 20th Anniversary of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) (2023)
Published
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