Journals >Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
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2025
Volume: 20 Issue 5
10 Article(s)
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Influence of sounding balloon wake on optical turbulence measurement
WANG Zhiyuan, WU Xiaoqing, YANG Qike, HU Xiaodan, and GUO Yiming
When measuring atmospheric optical turbulence with a balloon-borne micro-thermometer, the wake caued by the rising balloon will affect the measurement of the thermometer below it. In order to analyze this effect, experimental measurements were carried out in Huaihua, Hunan Province, China, in November 2021 using the meWhen measuring atmospheric optical turbulence with a balloon-borne micro-thermometer, the wake caued by the rising balloon will affect the measurement of the thermometer below it. In order to analyze this effect, experimental measurements were carried out in Huaihua, Hunan Province, China, in November 2021 using the method of hanging two radiosondes under a balloon. Fistly, the wake evaluation standard proposed by Barat was used to evaluate the effects of the wake at different positions under the balloon, and the turbulence intensity measured at different positions under the balloon was compared. Then, according to the measured refractive index structure constant, the coherence length and atmospheric seeing of different height were compared, and the measurement deviation comparison of different positions under the balloon was obtained. The results show that at altitudes of 0–6 km, the measurement result with a 30 m rope is significantly affected by the wake, at altitudes of 6–15 km, the balloon wake has little influence on the measurement due to larger wind shear, and at altitudes of 15–30 km, despite the existence of wake effects, they have little contribution to the optical parameters of the entire atmosphere due to the weak optical turbulence intensity in this altitude layer. This study has great reference significance for future sounding measurements of optical turbulence..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 559 (2025)
Aerosol optical depth characteristics and its relationship with air quality grades in Beijing urban area
YANG Shili, LI Lin, MENG Lei, and XIA Yunjie
Using the aerosol optical depth (AOD) data of five observation stations located in Beijing, China, urban area and the air quality grades data in the region from January to December 2021, the quantitative relationship between AOD and air quality grades was studied, and the evolution characteristics of different types ofUsing the aerosol optical depth (AOD) data of five observation stations located in Beijing, China, urban area and the air quality grades data in the region from January to December 2021, the quantitative relationship between AOD and air quality grades was studied, and the evolution characteristics of different types of aerosol particles, including black carbon (BC), urban-industrial aerosols (UI), desert dust (DD), and mixed aerosols (MT) under different air quality grades were analyzed. The results show that:(1) In 2021, the air quanlity in the urban area of Beijing was predominantly classified as moderate (50.7%) and light pollution (21.9%), the monthly variations in AOD exhibited a significant correlation with changes in air quality grades, the months with poor air quality including March, July and August, corresponded to the monthly peak and sub-peak values of AOD. (2) In the order of air quality from good to heavily polluted grades, the average AOD values for the five sites were 0.10, 0.51, 0.68, 0.87, and 1.23, respectively. (3) The dominant aerosol particle types varied with different air quality grades. In general, under good air conditions, the majority of days were dominated by BC, accounting for over 80%, and the remaining days were dominated by MT. As the air pollution increased , the proportions of days dominated by UI, DD, and MT increased, while the proportion of days dominated by BC decreased. Under lightly polluted level, the proportion of days dominated by MT was the highest, while under the heavily polluted level, the proportion of days dominated by DD was the highest..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 571 (2025)
Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of aerosol optical depths in summer—A case study in Liaoning Province
FAN Qiang, TAN Yawen and SHI Yue
Aerosols are one of the important pollutants in the atmosphere, and understanding their spatial and temporal distribution and influencing factors is of great significance for the protection and management of the atmospheric environment. To reveal the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) iAerosols are one of the important pollutants in the atmosphere, and understanding their spatial and temporal distribution and influencing factors is of great significance for the protection and management of the atmospheric environment. To reveal the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) in summer in Liaoning Province, China and the role of its spatio-temporal differentiation driving factors, this paper studied the spatial distribution pattern of AOD in summer in Liaoning Province using global Moran's I index, spatial hotspot analysis method and standard deviation ellipse method, and analyzed the main influencing factors of summer AOD in Liaoning Province using an optimal parameters-based geographical detector. The results show that the high AOD values in summer in Liaoning Province are mainly in the central plain area of low altitude, while the low AOD values are mainly in the mountain and forest areas of high altitude on east and west sides. In addition, urbanization, industrialization and unbalanced economic development are the main reasons for the regional differences of AOD in Liaoning Province, and social and economic factors are gradually becoming the main influencing factors of spatial and temporal differentiation of aerosols..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 582 (2025)
PM0.1 of automobile exhaust optical absorption coefficient measurement based on photoacoustic spectroscopy
CHEN Jiaxue, TANG Min, YIN Yajie, and NIU Mingsheng
Ultra-fine particulate matter (PM0.1) emission from automobile exhaust and its aging process in the atmosphere have a significant impact on human health and environmental climate. In this work, the optical absorption coefficients of PM0.1 in the exhaust of 18 automobile under no-load idle state and after 4 hours and 14Ultra-fine particulate matter (PM0.1) emission from automobile exhaust and its aging process in the atmosphere have a significant impact on human health and environmental climate. In this work, the optical absorption coefficients of PM0.1 in the exhaust of 18 automobile under no-load idle state and after 4 hours and 14 hours of light aging were researched with photoacoustic spectroscopy at 1064 nm. The results showed that the optical absorption coefficient of PM0.1 in vehicle exhaust decreases obviously after the implementation of National V standard in China, which is positively correlated with engine displacement, service life and weight and the optical absorption coefficient of PM0.1 increased first and then decreased during light aging. This work provides an experimental basis and data support for further understanding of the light absorption characteristics and environmental behavior of PM0.1 in automobile exhaust..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 598 (2025)
Remote sensing inversion of primary gaseous pollutants near surface—Taking Lüliang, Shanxi as an example
LIU Wang, QIN Kai, LU Lingxiao, WANG Luyao, and SHI Lailiang
Primary gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important targets for controlling sources of air pollution. Satellite remote sensing can achieve large-scale concentration monitoring of these pollutants, which serves as a significant supplement to ground-based Primary gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important targets for controlling sources of air pollution. Satellite remote sensing can achieve large-scale concentration monitoring of these pollutants, which serves as a significant supplement to ground-based station monitoring. Based on the observation data including primary gaseous pollutants, aerosol optical depth, meteorological and other auxiliary data from Shanxi Province's national control stations, Lüliang City's micro monitoring stations, Sentinel-5P/Tropomi satellite and MODIS, this work conducts a study on the estimation and mapping of the concentrations of these primary gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2) with a spatial resolution of 0.01° in Lüliang City, China. Firstly, the DINEOF method is employed to reconstruct the missing data of satellite remote sensing, and then the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) method is utilized for concentration estimation. The finding reveals a strong correlation between the estimated concentrations and the station observation data of primary gaseous emissions, and the inversion results effectively illustrate the variations in the distribution of primary gaseous emissions across different regions within the city. It is indicated tht this approach compensates for the limitations posed by the sparse distribution of national control stations and enhances the precision of urban air quality control..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 610 (2025)
Uncertainty and fusion of atmospheric CO2 concentration based on multi-source satellites
TIAN Wenjie, ZHANG Lili, YU Tao, ZHANG Wenhao, ZANG Wenqian, and WANG Chunmei
As an important greenhouse gas, CO2 has a significant impact on the global climate due to its concentration changes. The continuous, stable, and large-scale characteristics of satellite remote sensing make it an effective tool for monitoring atmospheric CO2. However, due to the influence of satellite payload settings aAs an important greenhouse gas, CO2 has a significant impact on the global climate due to its concentration changes. The continuous, stable, and large-scale characteristics of satellite remote sensing make it an effective tool for monitoring atmospheric CO2. However, due to the influence of satellite payload settings and factors such as clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, it is currently difficult for a single carbon satellite to obtain continuous high-resolution global CO2 concentration distribution information. Therefore, in order to better determine the multi-source satellite CO2 fusion method, it is necessary to analyze the uncertainty of different satellite products. This paper utilizes ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) data from 2019 to 2021 to conduct an uncertainty analysis of CO2 retrieval accuracy for the GOSAT, OCO-2, and GOSAT-2 satellites. Based on the analysis results, a global multi-source CO2 fusion model was established using the error inverse distance weighting method incorporating unit weight principles and the Kriging interpolation method. The spatiotemporal distribution patterns of the fused CO2 were then further analyzed. The analysis results show that the uncertainty of OCO-2 is the lowest, with a root mean square error ERMS of 1.10 × 10-6, followed by GOSAT with an ERMS of 1.88 × 10-6, and GOSAT2 has the highest uncertainty, with an ERMS of 3.02 × 10-6. The fusion model established has good accuracy, with a mean absolute error of 0.91 × 10-6 and a mean absolute error percentage of 0.22%. In terms of CO2 spatial distribution, it is found that the concentration of CO2 in the northern hemisphere is higher than that in the southern hemisphere, with high-value areas appearing in some regions. While in terms of seasonal changes, the CO2 concentration is higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn, with the highest concentration in spring..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 622 (2025)
Surface temperature retrieval methods and applications based on Chinese Gaofen-5 satellite
JIA Zhiyang, ZHANG Wenhao, ZHAN Yulin, ZHANG Lili, FU Yashuai, MA Yu, and BING Fangfei
Surface temperature is a crucial parameter in the studies of urban environmental monitoring, geothermal anomalies, global climate change, and other topics. The full-spectrum spectral imager on board Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite has a high spatial resolution imaging capability of 40 m in the thermal infrared band, which caSurface temperature is a crucial parameter in the studies of urban environmental monitoring, geothermal anomalies, global climate change, and other topics. The full-spectrum spectral imager on board Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite has a high spatial resolution imaging capability of 40 m in the thermal infrared band, which can offer detailed information on the spatial distribution and variation of surface temperature. In this paper, two split-window algorithms, two-channel and four-channel, are used to invert GF-5 data to obtain the surface temperature of Tianjin, China, in March 2019, and the accuracy of the inversion results is evaluated using ASTER surface temperature product at the same time. The results show that the optimal root-mean-square error of the two-channel split-window algorithm for surface temperature is 1.19 K, while that of the four-channel split-window algorithm is 2.31 K. And the comparison of different channel combinations shows that the B9/B10 combination of the two-channel split-window algorithm has the highest inversion accuracy. In addition, to verify the application capability of GF-5 high-resolution thermal infrared data in monitoring the heat island effect, a comparative analysis of GF-5 and ASTER surface temperature and heat island effect is conducted in the region surrounding Yadian Reservoir of Tianjin. The results show that the high-resolution surface temperature data of GF-5 can play an important role in urban thermal environment monitoring and urban planning..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 637 (2025)
Research on spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon emissions in Hefei City based on night light remote sensing data
ZHAO Qiang, TAN Lu, FANG Qiansheng, LIU Changyu, and YI Mingjian
Taking Hefei City, China, as the research area, the carbon emissions of the city were calculated, and then on the basis of the establishment of the mathematical model of the total gray value of lights and the total carbon emissions based on the nighttime light remote sensing data, the spatiotemporal distribution characTaking Hefei City, China, as the research area, the carbon emissions of the city were calculated, and then on the basis of the establishment of the mathematical model of the total gray value of lights and the total carbon emissions based on the nighttime light remote sensing data, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristic map of carbon emissions in Hefei City in the past eight years was obtained. to the spatial and temporal characteristics of carbon emissions in Hefei City was analyzed comprehensively using standard deviation ellipse and other methods. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) From the perspective of direct carbon emissions, net carbon emissions are closely related to the carbon sources and carbon sinks of various land use types. Among them, the carbon sink of forest land accounts for more than 70% of the total carbon sink. (2) In terms of indirect carbon emissions, the carbon emissions from building increased from 17, 659, 600 tons in 2010 to 37, 165, 800 tons in 2019, with an increase of 110.5%. (3) Regarding to the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions in Hefei City, there are obvious peaks and valleys in the east-west direction of Hefei City, with a strong inverted "U"-shaped trend. While in the north-south direction, it shows a linearly increasing distribution trend from north to south, and the carbon emissions in the south are significantly higher than those in the north..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 652 (2025)
Design of a software applied in ground-test-system for lunar soil moisture analyzer
TANG Chen, WANG Yu, LIN Fang, and LIU Guohua
The lunar soil moisture analyzer is a payload of the flying probe carried by Chang'e-7, which will be launched to the moon by China. In the development process of the lunar soil water molecule analyzer, a ground-test-system is required to simulate the flying probe to test and debug the lunar soil moisture analyzer.The lunar soil moisture analyzer is a payload of the flying probe carried by Chang'e-7, which will be launched to the moon by China. In the development process of the lunar soil water molecule analyzer, a ground-test-system is required to simulate the flying probe to test and debug the lunar soil moisture analyzer. The ground-test-system consists of hardware and software, and the software part is responsible for communicating with the analyzer, feeding data to the analyzer, and building a human-machine-interface. To ensure the integrity of the transimitted data, a communication protocol with correction and repeat mechanism is required to be implemented in the communication between the analyzer and the probe. In analyzer side, the protocol is fulfilled by a field programmable gate array (FPGA). To verify the design of the FPGA, the ground-test-system is required to generate different types of errors, including parity bit and checksum and so on, in different positions and different modes during communication. This article descripts the design and implementation of the software of the ground-test-system. It is shown that the final designed software has error making function, which is capable of generating error codes at different bits in a specified data package during communication. With this function, any design faults in the communication port of the analyzer can be detected, which greatly faciliates the complete testing of the communication interface..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 666 (2025)
Design and implementation of high precision gas pressure control algorithm
ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Tianshu, QIAN Guangcheng, SHI Yuchen, and DONG Yunsheng
Non-methane total hydrocarbon (NMHC) has long been a class of the most harmful air pollutants, which are often monitored using NMHC analyzer. The working principle of NMHC analyzer determines its high requirements for response speed and control precision to the gas flow. In order to meet the requirements of NMHC analyzNon-methane total hydrocarbon (NMHC) has long been a class of the most harmful air pollutants, which are often monitored using NMHC analyzer. The working principle of NMHC analyzer determines its high requirements for response speed and control precision to the gas flow. In order to meet the requirements of NMHC analyzer and the instantaneous characteristics of actual gas flow, a high precision gas pressure control algorithm is proposed in this work taking the position PID algorithm as a base and the fuzzy control algorithm as an auxiliary adjustment means. The algorithm can achieve high precision control of gas flow by adjusting the gas pressure, and different experiments are designed to verify the performance of the algorithm. Experimental results show that compared with traditional PID algorithms, the proposed fuzzy control PID algorithm has faster response speed, smaller overshoot and higher regulation precision. It can calculate the opening and closing size of proportional valve according to the error between the set value and the actual value of pressure control, thus achieving the design goal of efficient control of gas flow and realizing the accurate measurement of NMHC concentration in air pollution areas. By using this control algorithm, the error of each gas control pressure can be controlled within ±0.1 kpa. The proposed algorithm has high stability and simple implementation, and is easy to be applied to embedded systems. It provides a reference for the application of NMHC analyzer in environmental monitoring..
Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics
- Publication Date: Sep. 28, 2025
- Vol. 20, Issue 5, 676 (2025)
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