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Recent Advances in Light Sources for Photodynamic Therapy
LIANG Fuqiang, SHEN Yi, GU Ying, WILSON Campbell, and LI Buhong
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)is a promising therapeutic modality that can selectively destroy oncological and non-oncological diseases with photosensitizer activated by specific wavelength light in the presence of oxygen. The efficiency of PDT depends strongly on the selection of irradiation light, including emission wavePhotodynamic therapy (PDT)is a promising therapeutic modality that can selectively destroy oncological and non-oncological diseases with photosensitizer activated by specific wavelength light in the presence of oxygen. The efficiency of PDT depends strongly on the selection of irradiation light, including emission wavelength, irradiation mode and treatment dose. In this review, recent advances in the five kinds of PDT light sources, including daylight, near infrared light, X-ray, internal light and light emitting diode were introduced in detail. Meanwhile, the advantages and limitations of each light source are discussed. Furthermore, in order to achieve the personalized irradiation mode for improving the therapeutic effects and preciseness of clinical PDT, the surface and internal light irradiation were described. The developments of new PDT light sources with easier operation, lower price and greater performance are highlighted..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 97 (2019)
Analysis of the Mitophagy in Plant Response to Oxidative Stress
YIN Runzhu, YU Jingfang, and ZHOU Jun
Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining the balance between mitochondrial quality and quantity in cells by selectively identifying and removing damaged, aged and dysfunctional mitochondria. Compared with the research progresses in mammal and yeast, the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in plant are still unclMitophagy plays an important role in maintaining the balance between mitochondrial quality and quantity in cells by selectively identifying and removing damaged, aged and dysfunctional mitochondria. Compared with the research progresses in mammal and yeast, the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in plant are still unclear. Based on a GFP tag, this work investigated the occurrence of mitophagy in Arabidopsis upon oxidative stress. We found that methyl viologen could induce mitochondria accumulated in vacuole, showing the following two patterns:1)mitochondria contained in GFP bodies;2)mitochondria only. The GFP tag strategy can provide reference for the selection of key regulatory factors of mitophage in plants..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 109 (2019)
Isolation and Functional Analysis of DsKASII in Dunaliella salina
GAO Yu, LIU Baoling, GAO Huiling, ZAHNG Fei, XUE Jin’ai, and LI Runzhi
β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (KASII)is a key enzyme responsible for the conversion of palmitic acid (16∶0-ACP)to stearic acid (18∶0-ACP). KASII activity determines the level of C18 fatty acids. In this paper, Dunaliella salina was used to isolate and identify the DsKASII gene. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze thβ-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (KASII)is a key enzyme responsible for the conversion of palmitic acid (16∶0-ACP)to stearic acid (18∶0-ACP). KASII activity determines the level of C18 fatty acids. In this paper, Dunaliella salina was used to isolate and identify the DsKASII gene. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the subcellular localization, protein structure, physicochemical properties and phylogenetic characteristics of DsKASII enzyme. Detail examinations were conducted for DsKASII gene expression pattern, oil/fatty acid profiles, the contents of chlorophyll and β-carotene under nitrogen deficiency stress. The results showed that Dunaliella salina DsKASII enzyme protein had a length of 476 aa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.99. The protein contained plastid-targeting peptide and many hydrophilic regions. The main secondary structures included α-helix (22.48%), β-sheet (22.06%), and random coil (55.46%). The 3D structure simulation predicted that the DsKASII was compactly heart-shaped structure on the whole, with a homodimer as the functional form. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that DsKASII protein has the highest homology with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CrKASII by 99%. It is possible that the two microalgae have a common evolutionary ancestor. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRC-PCR)analysis revealed that the expression level of DsKASII gene was up-regulated in algal cells under nitrogen deficiency stress compared with the normal culture controls. The expression level of DsKASII in the stressed cells was 4.5 times higher than that in the normal culture cells on the 3th day of cultivation. Moreover, under nitrogen stress, the total oil, oleic acid (C18∶1)and carotenoid content in algae cells increased significantly, whereas palmitic acid (C16∶0)and chlorophyll contents decreased. Taken together, the data indicated that nitrogen stress induced the up-regulation of DsKASII gene in Dunaliella salina, and then DsKASII catalyzed more palmitic acid into stearic acid, eventually increasing the accumulation of monounsaturated oleic acid and carotenoids. The present study provides a scientific reference for the further analysis on the mechanism underlying accumulation of oil and carotenoids as well as algal response to the stress, benefiting the breeding of high-quality oleaginous microalgae..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 114 (2019)
Screening of Bacillus subtilis Mutants of a High-yielding Compound Enzyme by Heavy-ion Beam Irradiation
LIU Yanxin, HU Jianhua, CUI Jinna, ZHANG Yaosheng, LI Yongli, SHI Yali, ZHU Mingda, and LIU Zhanying
As a new high efficiency irradiation mutation source, heavy ion mutagenesis has advantages of high mutation rate, broad mutation spectrum, and good genetic stability for mutants. Bacillus subtilis, which has a broad hydrolase system, is one of the most important bacteria for industrial application. In this research, BaAs a new high efficiency irradiation mutation source, heavy ion mutagenesis has advantages of high mutation rate, broad mutation spectrum, and good genetic stability for mutants. Bacillus subtilis, which has a broad hydrolase system, is one of the most important bacteria for industrial application. In this research, Bacillus subtilis 20076 was irradiated by various doses of 12C6+ heavy ion beam to increase its enzyme production for industrial application. Based on transparent circle and enzyme activities, a target strain was obtained and named as KC-1. The strain showed an increase of 20.2%,79.6%, 98.2%, 7.4%,10.4%and 27.4%respectively in filter paper enzyme, endo-1,4-glucanase, β-glucosidase, exo-1,4-glucanase, protease and α-amylase when compared to the original strain. After the 11th passages, the mutant also had good stability in compound enzyme production..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 123 (2019)
Analysis of Laser Irradiation Effect on Platymonas subcordiformis Using Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy
HUANG Xiangying, and FANG Yuhong
Taking the Platymonas subcordiformis as sample and the Nd∶YAP laser (1 341 nm)as the light source, the effects on chloroplast autofluorescence intensity and chloroplast area of Platymonas subcordiformis irradiated by laser were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The autofluorescence images and fluorescenTaking the Platymonas subcordiformis as sample and the Nd∶YAP laser (1 341 nm)as the light source, the effects on chloroplast autofluorescence intensity and chloroplast area of Platymonas subcordiformis irradiated by laser were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The autofluorescence images and fluorescence spectra of the Platymonas subcordiformis irradiated by Nd∶YAP laser were obtained by the excitation of 488 nm Ar+ laser. The results showed that all the laser irradiation dose, except the irradiation group with parameters of 10 W power and 60 s duration time, improved the autofluorescence intensity of Platymonas subcordiformis, and all the doses increased the chloroplast area. The laser can stimulate the chloroplast evelopment of Platymonas subcordiformis, promoted the growth of algal cells and improve the activity of chloroplast photosynthesis..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 131 (2019)
Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Growth Development and Butenyl-spinosyn Biosynthesis of Saccharopolyspora pogona
HE Siying, BAI Dan, XIA Lun, WAN Qianqian, LUO Yuewen, and XIA Liqiu
In this research, the effects of different carbon sources on the strain growth and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis of Saccharopolyspora pogona were studied. The study was aimed to improve the butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis by looking for dominant carbon sources and optimizing the fermentation medium formula. A total of elIn this research, the effects of different carbon sources on the strain growth and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis of Saccharopolyspora pogona were studied. The study was aimed to improve the butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis by looking for dominant carbon sources and optimizing the fermentation medium formula. A total of eleven processing groups and one control group were set up in this experiment. The strain OD600 value and butenyl-spinosyn production in different processing groups were compared by single factor experiment for screening the optimal carbon source and fermentation medium formulation. The results showed that Saccharopolyspora pogona could grow in 9 kinds of carbon sources except for xylose and soluble starch, and exhibited good utilization rate for different types of carbon sources. Saccharopolyspora pogona has a good growth rate when using galactose, glucose, fructose and mannose as carbon sources, but just mannose can promote butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis. The 5 g/L mannose was selected as the optimal concentration and it was found that Saccharopolyspora pogona strain concentration and butenyl-spinosyn production were 1.32 times and 1.78 times of the initial conditions, respectively. Its production significantly increased. The study provides a scientific bases and a new technical approach for the influencing mechanism study of medium carbon sources on the butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis and the large-scale industrial production of butenyl-spinosyn..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 136 (2019)
Effects of Fertilization and Precipitation on Accelerating Inmature Soil into Arable Land
LI Wenguang, SU Zhifeng, LI Xuehao, YANG Zhenping, and GAO Zhiqiang
Keeping the soil layer moist and incorporating with fertilization can effectively improve soil structure and improve soil microbial activity. This article explored the interaction mechanism between fertilization and precipitation on the root, seedling, soil and microbe of raw soil cotton. And the results can provide a Keeping the soil layer moist and incorporating with fertilization can effectively improve soil structure and improve soil microbial activity. This article explored the interaction mechanism between fertilization and precipitation on the root, seedling, soil and microbe of raw soil cotton. And the results can provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization of raw soil cotton under different precipitation years. The experiments were conducted out for 3 consecutive years and the test soil was loess parent raw soil. The experiments explored the effects of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), NPK compound fertilizer(NPK)and organic fertilizer(ORG)on raw soil ripening, when the fertilization depth was 0~20 cm. The experiments also surveyed the impacts of ORG, ORG+NPK on raw soil ripening under drought, flat water and abundant water as three types of precipitation, when the fertilization depth was 40~60 cm. The results showed that the ORG under 0~20 cm significantly increased cotton pole weight, total weight of cotton peach and total aboveground biomass. The ORG or P significantly improved soil nutrition of raw soil cotton rhizosphere, root nutrition and enzyme activities. The ORG significantly enhanced the soil microbial diversity and abundance. Under the same fertilization measure, precipitation played an important role on soil ripening. The ORG under drought and flat water significantly enhanced cotton yield. ORG and NPK under flat water, ORG under drought or abundant water could effectively improve soil microbial diversity. The comprehensive analysis showed that fertilization measure for rapid improving and ripening soil of raw land was ORG+P. Regarding to the precipitation, ORG+NPK under flat water, ORG under drought and abundant water were the best fertilization types to speed up raw soil ripening and improve soil microbial diversity..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 144 (2019)
Healing of Rabbit Retinal Lesions Induced by 420~750 nm Supercontinuum Source and 532 nm Laser
FAN Yan, JIAO Luguang, WANG Jiarui, YANG Jinggeng, and YANG Zaifu
Supercontinuum (SC)source is a new source with wide spectrum, high brightness and great harm to the eyes. However, there is no report on the retinal damage and the following healing process. In order to observe the retinal damage induced by SC source and compare with that induced by 532 nm laser. The chinchilla grey raSupercontinuum (SC)source is a new source with wide spectrum, high brightness and great harm to the eyes. However, there is no report on the retinal damage and the following healing process. In order to observe the retinal damage induced by SC source and compare with that induced by 532 nm laser. The chinchilla grey rabbit retinas were exposed to paralleled 420~750 nm SC source and 532 nm laser at the power level slightly higher than damage threshold. The incident beam diameter was 3 mm. The exposure duration was 0.1 s. The retinal damage and the repair process were observed by ophthalmoscope and HE staining at 4 h, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after exposure. The retinal damage caused by SC source and 532 nm laser appeared as small grey spots under ophthalmoscope. 4 hours after irradiation, the outer nuclear layer (ONL)became a condensation state and deep-stained, the outer segments adhered to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)layer. Then RPE pigmentation and the loss of damaged ONL cells aggravated progressively. 3 days later, the pigmented cells began to migrate to ONL and INL layers, and the glial cells filled in the damaged area. Thus it can be seen that 420~750 nm SC source mainly damages the ONL and RPE layer of retina, and at a later stage lately the damaged area is filled with pigment granules and the glial cells, which are similar to those of 532 nm laser..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 155 (2019)
A Study on Formula and Spray Drying Technology of Solid Beverage Based on Daylily Flower
YE Qian, YAO He, GUO Hongying, ZHANG Linna, WANG Feng, TAN Xinghe, and XIAO Zhixiong
The purpose of this study is to make comprehensive utilization of daylily and develop a solid beverage based on daylily. With daylily as the main raw material, sensory score and brewing performance as indicators, the response surface experiment was used to optimize the formula and drying process of the solid beverage oThe purpose of this study is to make comprehensive utilization of daylily and develop a solid beverage based on daylily. With daylily as the main raw material, sensory score and brewing performance as indicators, the response surface experiment was used to optimize the formula and drying process of the solid beverage of daylily. The conclusion is that the response surface optimization results of the solid beverage formula of daylily were that table salt content was 0.01%, maltodextrin content was 2.0%, potato powder content was 1.0%, milk powder content was 4.5%, and the ratio of daylily to water was 1∶9(m∶v). The fluidity of the daylily solid beverage developed under this formula is the best, and the eigenvalue is 72.855 mm, the inlet air temperature is 180 ℃, the material flow is 1.5 mL/min, the sample of sensory score value is 94.2, liquidity value is 71.65 mm, and wettability property value is 27.75 min..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 160 (2019)
A Study on the Methods of Detecting the Density of Roosters and Drakes Sperm by Using Hand Density Meter
GAO Ya’nan, YU Zonggang, LI Chuang, YAO Yaling, PU Xuehui, and YAN Haifeng
Sperm densitometer has been widely applied in mammals, whereas little research has been done in poultry. Taking Black Silkies chicken and Youxian Partridge Duck semen as experimental materials, the sperm densitometer and blood cell counting board were used as testing tools, the factors affecting the determination accurSperm densitometer has been widely applied in mammals, whereas little research has been done in poultry. Taking Black Silkies chicken and Youxian Partridge Duck semen as experimental materials, the sperm densitometer and blood cell counting board were used as testing tools, the factors affecting the determination accuracy rate were analyzed, and the roosters and drakes sperm absorbance-density curve were established and verified. The results showed that the absorbance should be measured as soon as possible after the semen was diluted using a diluent of 3%NaCl. There was great influence on the absorbance measurement when the original semen was diluted by different mixing method. The absorbance of B liquid is significantly higher than that of other 3 groups(P<0.05)when the same semen was diluted 10 times with 3%NaCl and other three kinds of common semen dilutions, and there were no significant differences within the other 3 groups (P>0.05). Using the 3.0%NaCl as diluents, the relationship of the absorbance-density curve was cubic function for the rooster and ducks semen, and the regression equations were Y1=1.374X3-0.786X2+0.945X-0.002(R2=0.997)and Y2=1.283X3-0.899X2 +0.994-0.009(R2=0.996).It was feasible to simplify the sperm density determination methods using 0.9%NaCl instead of 3%NaCl, and the regression equations was Y3=-0.264X3+1.23X2+0.468X+0.019 (R2=0.999). The optimal range of absorbance for the curve of roosters semen 0.9%NaCl and 3%NaCl was between 0.035~0.692 and 0.069~0.624. And as for 3%NaCl drakes semen, it might be less than that of 3.0%NaCl roosters semen. There was no significant difference between the cell count and the curve calculated density within each optimized range (P>0.05). The average relative error of the 0.9%NaCl and 3%NaCl was 6.95%and 3.11%when using the counting value as the true one which is within each optimized absorbance range, and that of 3%NaCl darkes semen was 4.61%with the absorbance range of 0.054~0.123. This paper will promote the research and development of hand-held sperm densitometer for poultry and better use of mammalian sperm densitometer..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 168 (2019)
Investigation of the Influence of Drugs on Method for Detection of PDGF-BB in Urine Based on Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
YANG Huinan, LUO Chengfang, CAI Xiaoshu, SHEN Chengxing, DING Huirong, and WU Bo
A rapid and noninvasive method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed to diagnose congestion degree of coronary arteries prospectively by detecting platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in urine samples in our previous research. This work was to investigate whether the developed method A rapid and noninvasive method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed to diagnose congestion degree of coronary arteries prospectively by detecting platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in urine samples in our previous research. This work was to investigate whether the developed method could be applied to the patients on long-term medication including aspirin, rosuvastatin, clopidogrel bisulfate, and post-PCI patients for the diagnosis of congestion degree of coronary arteries. Firstly, urine samples from 13 patients on long-term medication and from 13 post-PCI patients were measured based on the developed method. It was found that there was no Raman peak at 1 509 cm-1 attributed to PDGF-BB in these SERS spectra. In addition, further investigation of SERS spectra of aqueous solutions of PDGF-BB mixed with three kinds of drugs was conducted. There was no Raman peak at 1 509 cm-1 in these three spectra as well. It turned out that these drugs had impact on the SERS signal of PDGF-BB, and this method was not suitable for the detection of congestion degree of coronary arteries for patients on long-term medication and post-PCI patients..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 178 (2019)
A Clinical Effective Study of Mupirocin and He-Ne Laser Radiation Therapy on Neonatal Omphalitis
ZHONG Yanyan, CAI Fucheng, WANG Na, ZHA Hui, and FENG Zibo
To investigate clinical effectiveness of mupirocin and He-Ne laser radiation on neonatal omphalitis through the controlled study. 86 cases of neonatal omphalitis was selected from 2013 to 2018, divided into observation group (mupirocin + He-Ne laser therapy)and the control group (mupirocin)according to different treatmTo investigate clinical effectiveness of mupirocin and He-Ne laser radiation on neonatal omphalitis through the controlled study. 86 cases of neonatal omphalitis was selected from 2013 to 2018, divided into observation group (mupirocin + He-Ne laser therapy)and the control group (mupirocin)according to different treatments, with 43 cases in each group. Neonatal omphalitis healing time and adverse event was recorded .It was found that the average healing time of observation group was (4.186±0.194)d, the total effective rate was 100%, and average healing time was (5.189±0.238)d, the total effective rate was 86%on the control group. Healing time of observation group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Adverse events such as skin rash were not found in two groups. Study shows that mupirocin combined with He-Ne laser radiation therapy for the treatment of neonatal omphalitis have good clinical curative effect, high safety..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 183 (2019)
A Study of Dimethoate Pesticide Residues in Rapeseed Oil by Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
YANG Yongan, ZHANG Deqing, LI Lun, and SI Minzhen
In this paper, the capillary substrate is prepared by Adsorption of silver nanoparticles on the inner wall. By using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect pesticide dimethoate in Rapeseed oil, under neutral conditions pesticide dimethoate concentration was found to be 200 mg/kg, and under acid conditionsIn this paper, the capillary substrate is prepared by Adsorption of silver nanoparticles on the inner wall. By using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect pesticide dimethoate in Rapeseed oil, under neutral conditions pesticide dimethoate concentration was found to be 200 mg/kg, and under acid conditions pesticide dimethoate concentration was found to be 0.1 mg/kg. It is close to the national safety standard of maximum pesticide residue(0.05 mg/kg) in vegetable oils. The experimental results showed that the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology can be used as an effective method for detecting the residues of Dimethoate pesticides in Rapeseed oil..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Aug. 13, 2019
- Vol. 28, Issue 2, 188 (2019)