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X-ray-induced Acoustic Computed Tomography and Its Biomedical Applications
KONG Xin, ZHANG Xingchao, GUO Shanshan, WANG Hanqiu, LYU Zhiwei, XUE Yanling, XIU Junshan, ZHAO Yue, and LIU Huiqiang
X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) is one of the biomedical imaging methods developed in recent years. It is widely welcomed by its advantages such as low X-ray radiation dose, rapid three-dimensional imaging and multi-angle imaging. The article summarizes the development background and research progressX-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) is one of the biomedical imaging methods developed in recent years. It is widely welcomed by its advantages such as low X-ray radiation dose, rapid three-dimensional imaging and multi-angle imaging. The article summarizes the development background and research progress of XACT, elaborates the imaging principle. Then, the four imaging modes based on unit transducer, ring transducer, hemispherical transducer and flat rectangular transducer are introduced systematically. Meanwhile, it is briefly introduced the application of XACT in biomedical fields such as breast, prostate and bone density imaging. Finally, we make a prospect for XACT in X-ray dose monitoring, proton therapy process monitoring, and multi-modal imaging combined with synchrotron radiation light sources. The multi-dimensional and multi-scale imaging information provided by multi-modal imaging will help provide important reference for early detection, diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and effect evaluation of related diseases..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 481 (2021)
Application and Research Progress of Low Level Laser Therapy Technology in “Three Highs”
HAN Yaru, MA Xiao, LIU Zhiming, GUO Zhouyi, and ZHONG Huiqing
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a new type of physical therapy that uses low level laser to irradiate relevant skin, acupoints and other parts of the human body to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, relieve pain, and promote healing. It can stimulate the complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) of the mitochLow level laser therapy (LLLT) is a new type of physical therapy that uses low level laser to irradiate relevant skin, acupoints and other parts of the human body to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, relieve pain, and promote healing. It can stimulate the complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increase the synthesis of adenosine-triphosphate, reactive oxygen species, NO and other substances, helping to regulate cell behavior in a targeted manner. The hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (three highs) are the most common blood diseases. The changes in various blood parameters caused by it can easily cause other organ dysfunctions. At present, the number of “three highs” disease groups is increasing, and the patients are younger, hence, there is an urgent need for a portable and effective treatment technique to deal with the disease. In recent years, studies have found that LLLT also has a significant effect on blood system diseases and can effectively reduce high blood pressure. In addition, LLLT can also adjust blood sugar and have a certain therapeutic effect on related complications caused by high blood sugar. At the same time, it can also adjust the concentration of blood lipids, whereas more applications focus on the first two. This kind of treatment has the advantage of non-invasiveness and portability, hence, it is expected to become a new treatment method. This article will review the application of LLLT in the “three highs” and related mechanisms..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 489 (2021)
Advances in Pathways and Mechanisms of Fatty Acid β-oxidation in Bacteria
WANG Zhiyong, SONG Kai, HAO Xiangrui, ZHANG Hongyan, and HE Yawen
All the living organisms can synthesize various fatty acids, which exist in different carbon chain length, configurations and biological functions. These fatty acids are involved in many important physiological activities including anabolism, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. The living organisms are also capAll the living organisms can synthesize various fatty acids, which exist in different carbon chain length, configurations and biological functions. These fatty acids are involved in many important physiological activities including anabolism, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. The living organisms are also capable of degrading and utilizing fatty acids via different oxidative pathways and β-oxidation is one of the most important oxidative pathways in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Research in the model organism Escherichia coli has provided the most complete view of fatty acids β-oxidation. In this review, the progress of fatty acids β-oxidation in E. coli and other bacterial species were summarized. By taking the phytopathogen Xanthomonas as an example, this review then introduced the oxidation pathway and regulation mechanism of the diffusible signaling factor (DSF)-family quorum sensing signal (mid-chain unsaturated fatty acids). Based on current results, the specific enzymes required for β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, 3-methyl-fatty acids, Δ2/Δ3-unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were proposed. Finally, the key scientific questions to be answered in this field were prospected. This review provides a solid foundation for further study of fatty acid β-oxidation pathway and the underlying mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 494 (2021)
Research on Non-destructive Measurement Methods and Strategies of Individual Rape Leaf Area in Field
LI Fangyi, LI Jinwei, HUANG Huang, GUAN Mei, and GUAN Chunyun
In order to achieve the measurement goal of “non-destructive, high-efficiency and high accuracy” individual rape leaf area, a set of single-leaf accumulative measurement strategies using four methods including image processing method, leaf area meter method, coefficient regression method which specifies leaf length andIn order to achieve the measurement goal of “non-destructive, high-efficiency and high accuracy” individual rape leaf area, a set of single-leaf accumulative measurement strategies using four methods including image processing method, leaf area meter method, coefficient regression method which specifies leaf length and width product, hereinafter abbreviated “L×W”, and pattern weighing method are proposed, and carried out corresponding empirical research. The measurement accuracy analysis results showed that the image processing method, leaf area meter method, and coefficient regression method (L×W) can achieve field non-destructive and accurate measurement of rape leaf area. The image processing method has the highest measurement accuracy, followed by the leaf area meter method, the accuracy of coefficient regression method (L×W) is the lowest, and the measurement errors are 2.94%, 4.47%, and 6.01%, respectively. The measurement error caused by the difference of shooting angle is not obvious when the leaf area is measured by image processing. It is more conducive to accurate measurement to establish corresponding calibration models for different growth periods in the same method. The results of measurement efficiency analysis showed that the leaf area meter method had the highest measurement efficiency, followed by the coefficient regression method (L×W), and that of the image processing method was the lowest, whereas it is within the scope of manpower acceptable. Combined with the analysis of the number and shape of leaves in different growth periods, and scientifically dealt with the relationship between “high accuracy” and “high efficiency”, the measurement scheme was formulated that the long-petiole leaves with a width of more than 12 cm were mainly measured by image processing method, while short-petiole leaves with a width of less than 12 cm and sessile leaves were mainly measured by leaf area meter method, and all leaves were measured by the coefficient regression method (L×W), which was used to supplement the few incomplete or missed leaves, and to compare the measurement results of other methods, and the measurement scheme was corrected by the calibration model of the paper weighing method. This scheme can provide technical support for the field non-destructive measurement of individual rape leaf area..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 505 (2021)
A New Method for Constructing a Zebrafish Model of Retinoblastoma Assisted by OCT Imaging and Its in vivo Evaluation
HUANG Jing, ZHANG Yiqing, XU Yao, DENG Liyi, WU Taofeng, YANG Dacheng, GAO Weijian, LAN Yintao, ZHOU Mengyu, QIU Ting, WANG Limei, and ZHANG Jian
Retinoblastoma (RB) seriously damages children’s vision health and life safety. This study established a new method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) assisted RB zebrafish model construction, and used OCT to evaluate the distribution and survival status of RB cells in the eyes in vivo. Twenty-four normal zebrafish Retinoblastoma (RB) seriously damages children’s vision health and life safety. This study established a new method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) assisted RB zebrafish model construction, and used OCT to evaluate the distribution and survival status of RB cells in the eyes in vivo. Twenty-four normal zebrafish were used in this study, of which 21 were used to construct the RB zebrafish model and the remaining 3 were used as control. The specific method was to inject fluorescent RB cell into the eyeball through an injection under OCT real-time imaging. The distribution and survival status of cell were observed at the 0th, 24th, 48th, and 72th hour after cell injection. At the same time, the zebrafish eyes were imaged with a stereo fluorescent microscope (SFM) before and after modeling, as a control. The results showed that high-resolution, large-depth three-dimensional distribution of RB cell clusters in the eyes could be obtained by OCT. Further OCT image intensity analysis could quantify the number of RB cells, and the results were highly matched with the results of the SFM images. In conclusion, the strategy of combining zebrafish model with OCT imaging technology is expected to provide new methods and equipment for the study of RB..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 518 (2021)
Establishment and Application of a Luciferase-based Anti-cytomegalovirus Drug Screening Model in vitro
ZHOU Danyun, WU Junwen, JIANG Qing, WANG Qinglin, LIU Rushi, and QUAN Meifan
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a common viral disease. In view of the lack of effective vaccines against HCMV currently, the screening of antiviral drugs for treatment of HCMV are of great significance. In order to construct a rapid screening model of anti-cytomegalovirus drugs in vitro, in this study, a murHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a common viral disease. In view of the lack of effective vaccines against HCMV currently, the screening of antiviral drugs for treatment of HCMV are of great significance. In order to construct a rapid screening model of anti-cytomegalovirus drugs in vitro, in this study, a murine cytomegalovirus bacterial artificial chromosome with a luciferase tag (Luc-MCMV-BAC) was transfected into mouse fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells. The recombinant virus Luc-MCMV was successfully obtained, and it can stably emit light in cultured cells. The virus growth curves determined by the plaque method showed that Luc-MCMV displayed similar growth kinetics comparable to those of wild-type virus Wt-MCMV, indicating that Luc-MCMV can be used to screen drugs and evaluate the antiviral activity. Furthermore, using Ganciclovir as a positive control drug, six kinds of traditional Chinese medicine monomers were screened using this system. Results showed that Baicalein and Astragaloside IV had anti-MCMV activity, which laid the foundation for the screening of anti-HCMV drugs..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 526 (2021)
Effects of Photosynthetic Capacity and Source Sink Relationship Types on Yield Formation in Different Broomcorn Millet Varieties
YOU Wenping, ZHANG Dongsheng, LIU Zhaolin, ZONG Yuzheng, HAO Xingyu, and LI Ping
The broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is widely cultivated in arid and semiarid areas due to better drought tolerance. The yield of different millet cultivars is closely related to photosynthesis and source-sink relationship. Knowledge is still scarce on the relationship between photosynthesis, source-sink relatiThe broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is widely cultivated in arid and semiarid areas due to better drought tolerance. The yield of different millet cultivars is closely related to photosynthesis and source-sink relationship. Knowledge is still scarce on the relationship between photosynthesis, source-sink relationship and yield in broomcorn millet. A field experiment was conducted to measure gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf area per plant, dry matter per plant, harvest index, yield and yield components to examine the response of yield to photosynthesis and source-sink relationship in nine broomcorn millet cultivars in semi-arid areas. The results showed that high light utilization ability (Pmax is higher) of millet showed obvious genetic variation, whereas low light utilization ability (α is lower) did not. Water use efficiency (WUE and iWUE) of different cultivars of millet showed significant positive correlation with yield, while net photosynthetic rate per leaf (Pn) had no such correlation with yield, which could be used as a target trait for millet cultivar selection. The genetic variation in source-sink relationship was significant in broomcorn millet, which enabled all the tested cultivars being divided into source-limited cultivars, sink-limited cultivars and cultivars with balanced source-sink relationship. Specifically, source-limited cultivars showed a lower leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf area per plant, resulting in a significant source limitation to yield (i.e. red broomcorn), whereas the photosynthetic potential was higher. Sink-limited cultivars had a higher photosynthesis, leaf area per plant and dry matter per plant, whereas lower harvest index (i.e. white broomcorn), leading to a significant sink limitation in yield for broomcorn millet. The cultivars in a good source-sink relationship had an intermediate photosynthetic rate, leaf area per plant and harvest index, finally resulting in the highest yield, such as Jingyuanzhongjiqing and Ningmei14. They also showed a higher transpiration rate and water use efficiency than other tested cultivars. This study will be beneficial to the breeding of broomcorn millet..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 533 (2021)
Irradiation of 630 nm LED Blocks STAT1 Nuclear Translocation and Inhibits Polarization of M1-type Macrophages
PAN Yue, SONG Wuqi, ZHANG Fengmin, and LIU Hailiang
M1 macrophages are classical activated macrophages, which can secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines to promote the development of inflammation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that 630 nm light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation inhibits the release of inflammatory factors in macrophages. HoM1 macrophages are classical activated macrophages, which can secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines to promote the development of inflammation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that 630 nm light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation inhibits the release of inflammatory factors in macrophages. However, the effect of 630 nm LED on macrophage polarization and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 630 nm LED irradiation on the polarization of THP-1 derived M1 macrophages and explored the mechanism of its effect on the polarization of M1 macrophages. Human mononuclear cell line THP-1 was cultured in vitro and induced into macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) treated cells were polarized into M1 macrophages, which were irradiated by LED with a wavelength of 630 nm and a power density of 40.02 mW/cm2. CCK-8 colorimetry, MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity detection kit were used to detect cell viability. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of related factors in M1 macrophages. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the nuclear translocation of STAT1 in M1 macrophages. The results showed that the cell viability of M1 macrophages did not alter after 630 nm LED irradiation. LED irradiation significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, 10 and 11 and block the translocation of transcription factor STAT1. Taken together, 630 nm LED inhibits the polarization of M1 macrophages by blocked STAT1 nuclear translocation. This study may provide new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of diseases related to macrophage polarization..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 541 (2021)
Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic Effects of Hemoporphyromonyl Ether on Porphyromonas Gingivalis in vitro
LUAN Xiaomin, LU Haiyan, WU Xiaoying, QI Feng, and BI Liangjia
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) mediated by hemoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to observe the fluorescence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by HMME after illumination, a cThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) mediated by hemoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to observe the fluorescence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by HMME after illumination, a colony-counting method and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to observe the neutralization of P. gingivalis, HMME and P. gingivalis zeta potentials were detected by electrophoresis light scattering method. Results showed that under light, HMME mainly produced singlet oxygen (P<0.05). The survival rate of HMME-PACT group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). A large amount of red fluorescence was found in PACT group observed by CLSM, indicating that HMME-PACT could effectively kill P. gingivalis. Both HMME and P. gingivalis are negative potential, which affects their combination. HMME-PACT can effectively kill P. gingivalis, which provides experimental basis for the application of PACT in clinical treatment of periodontal disease, and also indicates that it is necessary to develop new photosensitizers with positive charge in the later stage to improve the photodynamic bactericidal effect..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 548 (2021)
Diagnosis and Grading of Grade III & IV Glioma in Human by Raman Spectroscopy
LI Yanchu, SHEN Lan, WANG Dan, and LI Ping
Laser Raman spectroscopy is a physical probe that can be used to diagnose the molecular structure of tissues. In this study, Renishaw InVia laser confocal Raman spectrometer and 514 nm laser was used. A total of 14 cases of fresh grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ human brain glioma tissues and normal human brain tissue samples were measurLaser Raman spectroscopy is a physical probe that can be used to diagnose the molecular structure of tissues. In this study, Renishaw InVia laser confocal Raman spectrometer and 514 nm laser was used. A total of 14 cases of fresh grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ human brain glioma tissues and normal human brain tissue samples were measured. The results indicated that significant Raman peak-to-peak displacement at 1 664, 2 852, 2 882 and 2 930 cm–1 peaks were found between normal brain tissue and glioma lesion tissue. Furthermore, the difference in Raman peak-to-peak displacement between grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ glioma tissues were at 1 235, 1 260, 1 311, 1 360, 1 583, 1 660, 3 160 and 3 300 cm–1 peaks. Meanwhile, the differences of relative displacement at I1 660/I1 583、I1 311/I1 360、I1 235/I1 360 were obvious and showed diagnostic sense. In conclusion, Raman spectroscopy could distinguish brain tissues among normal brain, grade Ⅲ glioma and grade Ⅳ glioma, and the accuracy could be up to 86%. Thus, Raman spectroscopy could be used as an accurate and rapid method for glioma diagnosis and grading..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 553 (2021)
Effect of Conditioned Medium for Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Morphology and Ultrastructure of Vascular Endothelial Cells
WU Qing, YANG Shanglin, CHEN Junpeng, XIE Xueyi, and WEN Shunqian
To observe the effect of hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2) conditioned medium on the morphology and ultrastructure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The co-culture system of HepG2 conditioned medium (HepG2-CM) and HUVEC was established. The changes of cell morphology were observed by inverted microscopeTo observe the effect of hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2) conditioned medium on the morphology and ultrastructure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The co-culture system of HepG2 conditioned medium (HepG2-CM) and HUVEC was established. The changes of cell morphology were observed by inverted microscope, and the changes of cell ultrastructure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), then the roughness of cell membrane surface were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cells in control group depended closely on each other, the edges of the cell membrane were flat, and the cell adhesion arrangement was dense. The connections between the cells in HepG2-CM group were evacuated, the edges of the cell membrane were blurred, and cell adhesion was weakened. The peak to valley roughness (Rp-v) of cell membrane surface of the two groups were (454.83±29.99) nm and (501.28±11.78) nm, P=0.028. Root-mean-square roughness (Rq) were (32.84±4.70) nm and (45.03±3.84) nm, P=0.007. Average roughness (Ra) were (25.06±4.09) nm and (34.39±3.58) nm, P=0.014. Meant Ht were (204.03±11.65) nm and (301.48±12.80) nm, P=0. Median Ht were (206.55±7.46) nm and (313.25±5.89) nm, P=0. The results indicated that HepG2-CM induces the weakening of HUVEC cell adhesion, the evacuation of connections between cells, the formation of “pseudopod-like” protrusions, and the increase of roughness of cell membrane surface, which is helpful for us to further understand the biological behavior of vascular endothelial cells in tumor microenvironment and provide ideas for anti-tumor angiogenesis..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 559 (2021)
The Mechanism of Fangji Huangqi Decoction in the Treatment of Children with Nephrotic Syndrome by Means of Network Pharmacology
HU Honglei, YU Xintian, SUN Dongdong, and DIAO Juanjuan
Exploring the mechanism of Fangji Huangqi Decoction in the treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking. We systematically searched TCMSP platform to obtain 78 active ingredients and 132 targets of Fangji Huangqi Decoction, and standardized the target name accordiExploring the mechanism of Fangji Huangqi Decoction in the treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking. We systematically searched TCMSP platform to obtain 78 active ingredients and 132 targets of Fangji Huangqi Decoction, and standardized the target name according to the gene name loaded by UniProt database. By searching the OMIM and DisGenet databases, a total of 1 754 targets of pediatric nephrotic syndrome were obtained, after removing the duplicate targets and standardizing target name according to the Uniprot database. Drawing a Venn diagram through Venn online platform was conducted to obtain 48 targets for the common parts of drugs and diseases. Cytoscape software was used to construct a network of target proteins of the active ingredient of Fangji Huangqi Decoction-drug disease. Quercetin, kaempferol, medicarpin, 7-O-methylisomucronulatol, 2-[(3R)-8,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano [6,5-f]chromen-3-yl]-5-methoxyphenol were selected as the key active ingredients according to the degree of the network. The drug-disease common targets were imported into the String platform, the protein interaction network was obtained. Cytoscape was used for the protein interaction network topological analysis and sub-module analysis. Through this work, the core targets AKT1, MYC, and TP53 were obtained. The metascape platform was used to perform GO biological processes and KEGG enrichment pathway analysis on the common targets of disease drugs, it was found that the GO biological process is mainly related to blood system, cell stress, regulation of growth, regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, leukocyte differentiation. The result of KEGG pathway is mainly related to the MAKP signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The molecular docking of key targets and key components was carried out by AUTODOCK software, the results were all less than -5.0 kcal/mol. After the analysis, it was found that Fangji Huangqi Decoction for the treatment of pediatric nephrotic syndrome mainly relies on the two signal pathways of MAPK and PI3K-Akt, and acts on MYC, AKT1 target proteins through quercetin, kaempferol, mediterrantol, 7-O-methylisomucronulatol, 2-[(3R)-8,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano [6,5-f]chromen-3-yl]-5-methoxyphenoand other active ingredients. Meanwhile, it requires the participation of various biological processes, such as the circulatory system, cell stress, growth regulation, protein serine/threonine kinase activity regulation, leukocyte differentiation, etc, to achieve complex comprehensive regulation with multiple components, multiple targets, multiple levels, and multiple pathways. It provides a reference for the further research and clinical application of Fangji Huangqi Decoction..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Feb. 11, 2022
- Vol. 30, Issue 6, 565 (2021)