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Non-invasive Photobiomodulation Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
WEI Shuanghong, LIU Qi, GUO Yanguang, ZHANG Yuqin, WANG Yunle, HUO Xingxing, and CHEN Lei
According to the official website of the Alzheimer’s Disease Association of China, there are about 15 million dementia patients in the elderly aged 60 and over in China, of which 10 million are Alzheimer’s patients. With the aging of China’s structural population, this data will continue to rise. At present, according According to the official website of the Alzheimer’s Disease Association of China, there are about 15 million dementia patients in the elderly aged 60 and over in China, of which 10 million are Alzheimer’s patients. With the aging of China’s structural population, this data will continue to rise. At present, according to the logic of modern medicine to find therapeutic targets, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. There are many limitations in drug treatment, and surgery is powerless. In this regard, we have to rethink the traditional systematic, holistic and functional point of view, and take corresponding treatment strategies for the leading factors behind Alzheimer’s disease. In recent years, research on photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has gradually increased. More and more scholars have tried to use non-invasive PBM to delay, inhibit, and even reverse neurodegenerative diseases. In the treatment of neurological diseases, PBM, as a new treatment method, has significant advantages such as non-invasive, no side effects, regulation of oxygen free radical concentration, activation of stem cells to regulate cell transcription, stimulation of neurotransmitter secretion, and stimulation of synapse and neuron growth. These advantages are unmatched by other treatments. This paper reviews the targets of modern medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, explains the mechanism of PBM in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and systematically summarizes the progress of PBM in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease from animal models, clinical trials, pathology and cell models, and looks forward to the future development, aiming to provide reference for exploring new clinical intervention measures for Alzheimer’s disease and developing advanced treatment methods and medical devices..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 1 (2024)
Microplastics in Drinking Water and Research Progress of Raman Spectroscopy Detection Technique
CUI Shengdong, LI Yongzeng, PENG Weijin, KE Cheng, ZHANG Xianzeng, WANG Min, and HUANG Zheng
Plastics were invented a century ago and utilized by human being ever since, which bring tremendous convenience to our daily life. Plastic products and constituents can break down into microplastics (MPs) while undergoing combined physical, chemical, and biological processes. MPs in the environments might enter into thPlastics were invented a century ago and utilized by human being ever since, which bring tremendous convenience to our daily life. Plastic products and constituents can break down into microplastics (MPs) while undergoing combined physical, chemical, and biological processes. MPs in the environments might enter into the drinking water. Such contamination and potential health risks gradually become concerns. The qualitative and quantitative detection of MPs is still in its developmental stage. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is one of the commonly used sensitive, non-invasive and non-destructive optical methods in MPs analysis. This article primarily focuses on the sources, potential hazards of MPs in drinking water, and research advancements in RS technology, in order to promote better understanding of MPs contamination and drawattention to the research and development of MPs detection technology..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 14 (2024)
Repeated Low-level Red-light Intervention to Improve the Research Status of Adolescent Myopia
LIU Zhibo, MA Qiong, LI Hui, and KANG Hongxiang
Myopia, as the most common disease in ophthalmology, has developed into a serious international public health burden, the development situation is not optimistic. It is necessary to put forward new and effective intervention measures to curb the prevalence of myopia. In recent years, red light intervention to delay theMyopia, as the most common disease in ophthalmology, has developed into a serious international public health burden, the development situation is not optimistic. It is necessary to put forward new and effective intervention measures to curb the prevalence of myopia. In recent years, red light intervention to delay the progress of myopia has become a new research hotspot. Starting with the epidemic situation and inducement of myopia, this paper briefly introduces the commonly used clinical treatment methods, summarizes the research status of red light intervention in myopia, and discusses the possible mechanism of red light intervention in improving myopia. Some potential laser safety problems are put forward, hoping to provide reference for related research in the future..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 24 (2024)
Observation of Body Colour and Gene Expression in Koi of Different Body Colours, and the Effects of Overexpression of pnp4a on Body Colour Development
HUANG Jing, WANG Haitao, WANG Mei, FU Wen, PENG Liangyue, XIAO Yamei, and LIU Jinhui
Koi is a brightly coloured, elegant fish with high ornamental value, and is known as a “swimming work of art”. Fish body colour is mainly determined by the type and distribution of pigment cells on the skin or scales. In this paper, the composition, distribution and morphology of pigment cells in the scales and skin ofKoi is a brightly coloured, elegant fish with high ornamental value, and is known as a “swimming work of art”. Fish body colour is mainly determined by the type and distribution of pigment cells on the skin or scales. In this paper, the composition, distribution and morphology of pigment cells in the scales and skin of four different body colours, namely, black, white, yellow and red koi, were compared. The composition of pigment cells in the scales and skin was consistent, and rich iridescent cells were present in all four koi, with melanophores in black koi, and xanthophores and erythrophores in yellow and red koi. Only iridophores were observed in white koi. The ultrastructure of iridophores in all four koi colours was observed by transmission microscopy, and the iridophores mainly had three different morphologies: pike-shaped, short rod-shaped and vacuolated. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of eight iridocyte development-related genes in the skin of four different body colors of koi carp, the results showed that eight genes related to iridophores development were expressed in the skin of different body colours, whereas there were differences in expression, among which the relative expression of alk, pka, sox10, pax3, foxd3 and pnp4a genes was higher in red and yellow koi, while the relative expression of ltk and alx4a genes was the highest in white koi. In order to further confirm the role of the pnp4a genes in iridophores development, the recombinant plasmid of overexpression of pnp4a gene was constructed, and was microinjected into the fertilized eggs of AB zebrafish. In order to further confirm the role of pnp4a gene in fish body colour formation, especially in iridophores, we constructed a pnp4a overexpression recombinant plasmid and microinjected it into the fertilized eggs of zebrafish (AB)..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 31 (2024)
Identification of Tissue Damage Based on HIFU Echo and Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy
LI Ang, ZHAI Jintao, LIU Zehao, ZOU Xiao, and QIAN Shengyou
To address the monitoring problem in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, a new method is proposed for identification of tissue damage without the need for additional monitoring sources. The method involves studying the multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE) of the fundamental and second harmonic of the HIFU echo.To address the monitoring problem in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, a new method is proposed for identification of tissue damage without the need for additional monitoring sources. The method involves studying the multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE) of the fundamental and second harmonic of the HIFU echo. The HIFU echo signal is denoised using spectral subtraction, and then the fundamental and second harmonic components of the signal are extracted using the kullbackleibler divergence-optimized variational mode decomposition (KLD-VMD) method. Finally, the MFE combining the fundamental and second harmonic is used to identify tissue damage. The validity of the method is verified using the equal error rate (EER), where a lower EER indicates better recognition. The study also compares the KLD-VMD method with other decomposition methods such as VMD, EMD, and ITD, in combination with MFE for tissue damage identification. The experimental results demonstrate that the tissue damage identification based on KLD-VMD and MFE achieves an EER of 5.1%, which is better compared to the other methods. Furthermore, the results also show that combining the fundamental and second harmonics improves the identification performance compared to using either echo alone. This study provides a new monitoring method for HIFU therapy with potential practical applications..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 40 (2024)
Effects of the Frequency and Duty Cycle of Pulse LED Light Sources with Different Wavelengths on Plant Photosynthetic Rate and Photocarbon Capacity
WEI Wei, TONG Yuxin, LU Dajun, LIN Jintian, CHEN Lei, FANG Qian, WU You, KUANG Yuhan, SUN Minghao, LI Qian, SONG Jinde, DONG Zhenfen, and ZOU Jun
This article analyzes the research progress of pulsed light emitting diode (LED) light sources and aims to produce different wavelength pulse LED light source light panels, and to measure the variation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 25 cm below the lamp panel with the change of wavelength, frequency, aThis article analyzes the research progress of pulsed light emitting diode (LED) light sources and aims to produce different wavelength pulse LED light source light panels, and to measure the variation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 25 cm below the lamp panel with the change of wavelength, frequency, and duty cycle of the light source. Under the condition of fixed light source duty cycle, the variation of photosynthetic rate with frequency was studied, and it was found that under different wavelengths, the plant photosynthetic rate had its respective optimized frequency; under the condition of fixed light source frequency, the variation of photosynthetic rate with duty cycle was studied, and it was found that under different duty cycles, the plant photosynthetic rate had its respective optimized duty cycle. Because its PPFD cannot be kept constant with the change of duty cycle and frequency under the condition of fixed frequency or duty cycle, the concept of photocarbon capa-bility is proposed with photocarbon capability=photosynthetic rate·PPFD-1=Pn·PPFD-1, its biological significance is how many carbon dioxide molecules can be stimulated by a photon energy to photosynthesis. Under the condition of fixed light source duty cycle, the variation of photocarbon capacity with frequency change was studied. Each type of light source has a corresponding optimized frequency, corresponding to the maximum photosynthetic rate under this type of light source; each type of light source has a corresponding optimized frequency, corresponding to obtaining the maximum PPFD under this type of light source; each type of light source has a corresponding optimized frequency, which corresponds to the maximum photocarbon capacity under this type of light source. This article proposes a method to measure the corresponding relationship between plant lighting param-eters and carbon reduction by proposing light carbon capacity. It is hoped that in the future, optical design can achieve the most economical carbon reduction by optimizing this parameter to obtain the optimal lighting conditions..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 48 (2024)
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Epidermal Growth Factor on Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Inflammatory Response, and Immune Status in Weaning Piglets
WANG Qianqian, WANG Lixia, LIU Dong, LI Yali, LI Jianzhong, and YANG Huansheng
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a cytoprotective peptide that plays a crucial role in gut growth and health. The study mainly explored the effects of EGF on the intestinal antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response, immune status in wean-ing piglets. Forty-two 21-day-old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to threeEpidermal growth factor (EGF) is a cytoprotective peptide that plays a crucial role in gut growth and health. The study mainly explored the effects of EGF on the intestinal antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response, immune status in wean-ing piglets. Forty-two 21-day-old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to three treatments consisting of a same basic diet containing 0 (control), 200, or 400 μg/kg EGF, respectively. There were 14 replicates per treatment, and 7 piglets per treatment were sampled on days 7 and 14 of the experiment. Dietary supplementation of 200 μg/kg EGF increased the activity of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) during the entire experimental period. This supplementation decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content whereas it increased serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) content on day 7 post-weaning. Animals receiving the diet supplemented with 400 μg/kg EGF decreased concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and tended to increase the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the overall experimental period. In addition, the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was higher for piglets fed EGF diet. In summary, EGF can enhance intestinal antioxidant capacity, decrease inflammatory response, and increase immune status in weaned piglets, suggesting that EGF has a positive role in piglet gut health..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 57 (2024)
Mechanism of RRM2 in Radiosensitization of Colorectal Cancer
WANG Jun, LI Liang, and LI Jiangang
Resistance to radiotherapy is the reason for treatment failure in most patients with colorectal cancer. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to screen differential genes (DEGs) in cancer tissues after radiotherapy, and to find therapeu-tic targets related to radiosensitivity. After screening the cells by celResistance to radiotherapy is the reason for treatment failure in most patients with colorectal cancer. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to screen differential genes (DEGs) in cancer tissues after radiotherapy, and to find therapeu-tic targets related to radiosensitivity. After screening the cells by cell cycle mediator ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) expression, the cells were transfected with lipofectamine 2000 and irradiated with 3 Gy. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of RRM2 in colorectal cancer. Cell viability was mea-sured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle and apoptosis. A total of 4 269 DEGs were identified, and RRM2 was found to be the most significant difference. Compared with intestinal epithelial FHC cells, RRM2 expression level significantly increased in tumor cells (P<0.05). Compared with NC group, RRM2 overexpression promoted cell viabil-ity. Compared with the 3 Gy group, RRM2 overexpression could delay the killing effect of radiotherapy on the cells. Compared with NC group, overexpression of RRM2 reduced the apoptosis rate, while inhibition of RRM2 increased the apoptosis rate. The combination of si-RRM2 and irradiation showed better results compared to that with si-RRM2 or irradiation alone. Overexpres-sion of RRM2 caused cell aggregation in S phase, while knockdown of RRM2 caused cell aggregation in G1 phase. In addition, irradiation caused a significant G1 phase arrest, while RRM2 knockdown together with irradiation caused a more significant G1 phase arrest. This suggests that RRM2 mediates cell cycle of CRC cells and affects the radiosensitivity of CRC through cell cy-cle. This study provides important data support for the development of combined therapy for colorectal cancer..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 65 (2024)
Response in Fungal Community on Plant Leaves to Powdery Mildew
HUANG Haitao, LIU Wenyi, YANG Wenwu, ZHANG Jianduo, MI Qili, LI Jingjing, CHEN Yiqiang, LI Haobin, YIN Huaqun, and GAO Qian
The composition of microbial communities on leaf surface is closely related to plant foliar diseases. However, the response in fungal community on plant leaves to the severity of pant diseases are still unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput ITS amplicon sequencing technology to investigate the differences in The composition of microbial communities on leaf surface is closely related to plant foliar diseases. However, the response in fungal community on plant leaves to the severity of pant diseases are still unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput ITS amplicon sequencing technology to investigate the differences in the composition and diversity of fungal com-munity on plant leaves with different disease severities of powdery mildew disease in Solanaceae crops. We analyzed the changes in the topological properties of molecular ecological networks of fungal community and explored the ecological pro-cesses of community phylogenetic assembly. Diversity analysis showed that as the severity of powdery mildew disease in-creased, the richness and diversity of fungal communities gradually decreased. Network analysis revealed that compared to plants with moderate and severe infection, plants with mild disease symptoms had more nodes and connections in the ecological network, with higher network density, clustering coefficient, and average connectivity. Among the plants with different disease severities, the ecological processes of phylogenetic assembly in fungal communities were dominated by stochastic processes, whereas the fungal communities tended to have phylogenetic dispersion with increasing severity of powdery mildew. In conclu-sion, invasive pathogens alter the existing community structure, disrupt the interactions between fungal communities, and influ-ence the ecological processes of community phylogenetic assembly. These findings provide a deep insight into the association between powdery mildew disease and the fungal community on plant leaves..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 73 (2024)
Effects of Anlotinib on Glycolysis, Proliferation and Colony Formation of Lung Cancer Cells
HU Yichuan, ZHU Shuyang, and ZHU Jiechen
To investigate the effects and mechanism of anlotinib intervention on glycolysis, proliferation, colony formation and migration of human lung cancer NCI-H226 cells, to provide reference for in vitro test of lung cancer. Human lung cancer NCI-H226 cells were divided into control group which is without intervention, expeTo investigate the effects and mechanism of anlotinib intervention on glycolysis, proliferation, colony formation and migration of human lung cancer NCI-H226 cells, to provide reference for in vitro test of lung cancer. Human lung cancer NCI-H226 cells were divided into control group which is without intervention, experimental group involving 10, 20, 40 μmol/L anlotinib, and positive control group involving 20 μg/mL cisplatin. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-acetylene-2′ deoxyuracil riboside (EdU) staining, plate clone formation, lactic acid detection kit, glucose detection kit, Transwell assay, RT-qPCR and Western blotting (WB) assays were used to detect proliferation viability, proliferation, colony-formation ability, lactic acid content, glucose consumption level, cell migration number and expression level of related factor levels. The proliferation activity, proliferation rate, clone formation rate, lactate content, glucose consumption level, N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin (FN) of NCI-H226 cells in control group, experimental group and positive drug group. There were significant differences in mRNA and protein expression levels between groups (P<0.05). The cell proliferation activity of 20 and 40 μmol/L anlotinib and positive drug groups was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The cell proliferation rate, clone formation rate, lactate content, glucose consumption level and mRNA and protein expression levels of N-cadherin, vimentin and FN in the experimental group and the positive drug group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Anlotinib can significantly inhibit glycolysis, proliferation, colony formation and migration of human lung cancer NCI-H226 cells..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 80 (2024)
Inhibitory Effect of Cryptotanshinone on Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MA Shuheng, MIAO Linping, CHEN Diqiu, HAN Li, ZHANG Fukai, and HE Qizhi
To investigate the effects of cryptotanshinone on the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its mechanism, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cryptotanshinone on P. aeruginosa was determined by mi-crodilution, and the effect of cryptotanshinone on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation was obseTo investigate the effects of cryptotanshinone on the growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its mechanism, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cryptotanshinone on P. aeruginosa was determined by mi-crodilution, and the effect of cryptotanshinone on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation was observed by crystal violet staining, inverted microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope, and the effect of cryptotanshinone on P. aeruginosa biofilm for-mation was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effect of cryptotanshi-none on the expression of genes related to P. aeruginosa biofilm formation was detected by RT-qPCR. The MIC of cryptotan-shinone on P. aeruginosa was 800.0 μg/mL; after crystal violet staining, the best inhibition of biofilm was observed at the mass concentration of cryptotanshinone of 800.0 μg/mL in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). The formation and distribution of biofilm by cryptotanshinone were observed by confocal laser microscopy, and the inhibition effect was significantly enhanced at 200.0 μg/mL. In the range of 200.0~800.0 μg/mL mass concentration, cryptotanshinone at 800.0 μg/mL mass concentra-tion inhibited the expression of LasI, LasR, RhlI and RhlR genes (P<0.01). The mechanism of cryptotanshinone inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation may be through the down-regulation of LasI and other genes expression. The present study suggests that cryptotanshinone can be used as a group-sensing inhibitor to intervene in the drug resistance of P. aeruginosa, which can provide a reference for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA) in the clinic..
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
- Publication Date: Jul. 12, 2024
- Vol. 33, Issue 1, 90 (2024)