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Nanophotonics and Photonic Crystals|90 Article(s)
Formation and radiation of unidirectional guided resonances in asymmetric gratings with simultaneously broken up-down mirror and in-plane C2 symmetries
Sun-Goo Lee, Kap-Joong Kim, and Wook-Jae Lee
Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) in planar photonic lattices are distinctive resonant eigenstates that emit light in a single direction. A recent study has demonstrated that UGRs can be utilized to implement ultralow-loss grating couplers for integrated photonic applications. In this study, we investigate the formation and radiation of UGRs in two types of L-shaped gratings, type I and type II, which exhibit both broken up-down mirror symmetry and broken in-plane C2 symmetry. In type I gratings, quasi-UGRs are readily identified in the lower band, whereas in type II gratings they appear in the upper band. We demonstrate that, as the relevant grating parameters are gradually varied, these quasi-UGRs evolve into genuine UGRs in the lower band for type I gratings and in the upper band for type II gratings. In type I gratings, UGRs produce negative-angle emission because their Poynting vectors are oriented antiparallel to their wavevectors, while in type II gratings, UGRs yield positive-angle emission due to the parallel alignment of their Poynting vectors and wavevectors. Moreover, the position and emission angle of UGRs can be systematically controlled by varying the lattice parameters. Our findings offer valuable insights for developing high-efficiency optical interconnects that leverage UGRs. Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) in planar photonic lattices are distinctive resonant eigenstates that emit light in a single direction. A recent study has demonstrated that UGRs can be utilized to implement ultralow-loss grating couplers for integrated photonic applications. In this study, we investigate the formation and radiation of UGRs in two types of L-shaped gratings, type I and type II, which exhibit both broken up-down mirror symmetry and broken in-plane C2 symmetry. In type I gratings, quasi-UGRs are readily identified in the lower band, whereas in type II gratings they appear in the upper band. We demonstrate that, as the relevant grating parameters are gradually varied, these quasi-UGRs evolve into genuine UGRs in the lower band for type I gratings and in the upper band for type II gratings. In type I gratings, UGRs produce negative-angle emission because their Poynting vectors are oriented antiparallel to their wavevectors, while in type II gratings, UGRs yield positive-angle emission due to the parallel alignment of their Poynting vectors and wavevectors. Moreover, the position and emission angle of UGRs can be systematically controlled by varying the lattice parameters. Our findings offer valuable insights for developing high-efficiency optical interconnects that leverage UGRs.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Jun. 02, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 6, 1783 (2025)
Broadband thin-film lithium niobate rapid adiabatic couplers enabling highly visible two-photon interference
Sunghyun Moon, Jinil Lee, Junhyung Lee, Youngseo Koh, Changhyun Kim, Hyeong-Soon Jang, Sangin Kim, Sang-Wook Han, Hojoong Jung, and Hyounghan Kwon
The integrated quantum interferometer has provided a promising route for manipulating and measuring quantum states of light with high precision, requiring negligible optical loss, broad bandwidth, robust fabrication tolerance, and scalability. In this paper, a rapid adiabatic coupler (RAC) is presented as a compelling solution for implementing the integrated quantum interferometer on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN)-based platform, enabling a compact, broadband, and low-loss optical coupler. The TFLN-based RACs are carefully designed by manipulating a curvature along the structures with consideration of inherent birefringence as well as fabrication-induced slanted sidewalls. The high extinction ratio over 20 dB of the RAC-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is achieved in the wavelength range from 1500 to 1600 nm. The beam splitter (BS) with the balanced splitting ratio is exploited for observation of on-chip Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference with high visibility of 99.25%. We believe TFLN-based RACs hold great potential to be favorably utilized for integrated quantum interferometers, enabling widespread adoptions in myriad applications in integrated quantum optics. The integrated quantum interferometer has provided a promising route for manipulating and measuring quantum states of light with high precision, requiring negligible optical loss, broad bandwidth, robust fabrication tolerance, and scalability. In this paper, a rapid adiabatic coupler (RAC) is presented as a compelling solution for implementing the integrated quantum interferometer on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN)-based platform, enabling a compact, broadband, and low-loss optical coupler. The TFLN-based RACs are carefully designed by manipulating a curvature along the structures with consideration of inherent birefringence as well as fabrication-induced slanted sidewalls. The high extinction ratio over 20 dB of the RAC-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is achieved in the wavelength range from 1500 to 1600 nm. The beam splitter (BS) with the balanced splitting ratio is exploited for observation of on-chip Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference with high visibility of 99.25%. We believe TFLN-based RACs hold great potential to be favorably utilized for integrated quantum interferometers, enabling widespread adoptions in myriad applications in integrated quantum optics.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: May. 27, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 6, 1579 (2025)
Dual-band dislocation modes in a topological photonic crystal
Fangyuan Peng, Hongxiang Chen, Lipeng Wan, Xiao-Dong Chen, Jianwen Dong, Weimin Deng, and Tianbao Yu
Introducing topological lattice defects, such as dislocations, into topological photonic crystals enables the emergence of many interesting phenomena, including robust bound states and fractional charges. Previous studies have primarily focused on the realization of dislocation modes within a single band gap, which limits the number of dislocation modes and their applications. Here, we design a topological photonic crystal with two topologically non-trivial band gaps. By introducing a dislocation defect into this system, we observe the emergence of localized dislocation modes in both band gaps. Furthermore, we demonstrate a two-channel add-drop filter by coupling two dislocation modes with topological edge modes. These findings are rigorously validated through full-wave numerical simulations and experimental pump-probe transmission measurements. Our results provide a foundation for further exploration of dislocation modes and unlock the potential for harnessing other topological defect modes in dual-band-gap systems. Introducing topological lattice defects, such as dislocations, into topological photonic crystals enables the emergence of many interesting phenomena, including robust bound states and fractional charges. Previous studies have primarily focused on the realization of dislocation modes within a single band gap, which limits the number of dislocation modes and their applications. Here, we design a topological photonic crystal with two topologically non-trivial band gaps. By introducing a dislocation defect into this system, we observe the emergence of localized dislocation modes in both band gaps. Furthermore, we demonstrate a two-channel add-drop filter by coupling two dislocation modes with topological edge modes. These findings are rigorously validated through full-wave numerical simulations and experimental pump-probe transmission measurements. Our results provide a foundation for further exploration of dislocation modes and unlock the potential for harnessing other topological defect modes in dual-band-gap systems.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: May. 27, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 6, 1554 (2025)
Dual-channel tunable multipolarization adapted terahertz spatiotemporal vortices generating device
Fangze Deng, Ke Ma, Yumeng Ma, Xiang Hou, Zhihua Han, Yuchao Li, Keke Cheng, Yansheng Shao, Chenglong Wang, Meng Liu, Huiyun Zhang, and Yuping Zhang
Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) exhibit characteristics of transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) that is perpendicular to the direction of pulse propagation, indicating significant potential for diverse applications. In this study, we employ vanadium dioxide and photonic crystal plates to design tunable transreflective dual-channel terahertz (THz) spatiotemporal vortex generation devices that possess multipolarization adaptability. In the reflection channel, we achieve active tunability of the topological dark lines by utilizing circularly polarized light, based on the topological dark phenomenon, and observe variations in the number of singularities across the parameter space from different observational perspectives. In the transmission channel, we generate independent vortex singularities using linearly polarized light. This multifunctional terahertz device offers a novel approach for the generation and active tuning of spatiotemporal vortices. Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) exhibit characteristics of transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) that is perpendicular to the direction of pulse propagation, indicating significant potential for diverse applications. In this study, we employ vanadium dioxide and photonic crystal plates to design tunable transreflective dual-channel terahertz (THz) spatiotemporal vortex generation devices that possess multipolarization adaptability. In the reflection channel, we achieve active tunability of the topological dark lines by utilizing circularly polarized light, based on the topological dark phenomenon, and observe variations in the number of singularities across the parameter space from different observational perspectives. In the transmission channel, we generate independent vortex singularities using linearly polarized light. This multifunctional terahertz device offers a novel approach for the generation and active tuning of spatiotemporal vortices.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: May. 01, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 5, 1408 (2025)
Floquet hybrid skin-topological effects in checkerboard lattices with large Chern numbers
Yi-Ling Zhang, Li-Wei Wang, Yang Liu, Zhao-Xian Chen, and Jian-Hua Jiang
Non-Hermitian topology provides an emergent research frontier for studying unconventional topological phenomena and developing new materials and applications. Here, we study the non-Hermitian Chern bands and the associated non-Hermitian skin effects in Floquet checkerboard lattices with synthetic gauge fluxes. Such lattices can be realized in a network of coupled resonator optical waveguides in two dimensions or in an array of evanescently coupled helical optical waveguides in three dimensions. Without invoking nonreciprocal couplings, the system exhibits versatile non-Hermitian topological phases that support various skin-topological effects. Remarkably, the non-Hermitian skin effect can be engineered by changing the symmetry, revealing rich non-Hermitian topological bulk-boundary correspondences. Our system offers excellent controllability and experimental feasibility, making it appealing for exploring diverse non-Hermitian topological phenomena in photonics. Non-Hermitian topology provides an emergent research frontier for studying unconventional topological phenomena and developing new materials and applications. Here, we study the non-Hermitian Chern bands and the associated non-Hermitian skin effects in Floquet checkerboard lattices with synthetic gauge fluxes. Such lattices can be realized in a network of coupled resonator optical waveguides in two dimensions or in an array of evanescently coupled helical optical waveguides in three dimensions. Without invoking nonreciprocal couplings, the system exhibits versatile non-Hermitian topological phases that support various skin-topological effects. Remarkably, the non-Hermitian skin effect can be engineered by changing the symmetry, revealing rich non-Hermitian topological bulk-boundary correspondences. Our system offers excellent controllability and experimental feasibility, making it appealing for exploring diverse non-Hermitian topological phenomena in photonics.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Apr. 30, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 5, 1321 (2025)
Observation of multiple quasi-bound states in the continuum by symmetry breaking in a photonic crystal slab
Shuangli Li, Lujun Huang, Haozong Zhong, Minghao Ning, Ling-En Zhang, Yaling Yin, Ya Cheng, and Lin Li
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) open up a unique avenue of enhancing light–matter interactions due to their extreme field confinement and infinite quality (Q) factors. Although tremendous progress has been made in the past 10 years, the majority of previous works focused on either a single BIC or dual BICs. In this work, we present both theoretical investigation and experimental demonstration on multiple BICs in a photonic crystal slab with a hexagonal lattice. All of these BICs at Γ-point can be categorized as symmetry-protected (SP) BICs. Furthermore, two BICs belong to merging BICs with topological charges q=-2. Breaking the structural symmetry will split these BICs with q=-2 into two accidental BICs with q=-1. While the other two are different from the former two, the Q-factors of both modes at the Γ-point retain a stably ultrahigh value (Q>108) when the circular hole is transformed into a rotated elliptical hole with different size ratios of semi-long and semi-short axes. In addition, the Q-factors of the latter two BICs decrease rapidly with kx, indicating that the quasi-BICs become accessible at an ultra-small incident angle. We also show that the Q-factors of the former two BICs exhibit different dependence on the asymmetry parameters, suggesting a viable way of realizing high-Q resonances at multi-wavelengths. Finally, we presented experimental demonstration of four high-Q quasi-BICs at four different wavelengths in the near infrared by fabricating a series of photonic crystal slabs made of rotated elliptical holes and characterizing their reflection spectra. We showed that most of the measured Q-factors are above 1000 for four quasi-BICs, and the highest one can reach 16,764. Our results may find promising applications in sum-frequency generation, four-wave mixing, multiband sensing, lasing, etc. Bound states in the continuum (BICs) open up a unique avenue of enhancing light–matter interactions due to their extreme field confinement and infinite quality (Q) factors. Although tremendous progress has been made in the past 10 years, the majority of previous works focused on either a single BIC or dual BICs. In this work, we present both theoretical investigation and experimental demonstration on multiple BICs in a photonic crystal slab with a hexagonal lattice. All of these BICs at Γ-point can be categorized as symmetry-protected (SP) BICs. Furthermore, two BICs belong to merging BICs with topological charges q=-2. Breaking the structural symmetry will split these BICs with q=-2 into two accidental BICs with q=-1. While the other two are different from the former two, the Q-factors of both modes at the Γ-point retain a stably ultrahigh value (Q>108) when the circular hole is transformed into a rotated elliptical hole with different size ratios of semi-long and semi-short axes. In addition, the Q-factors of the latter two BICs decrease rapidly with kx, indicating that the quasi-BICs become accessible at an ultra-small incident angle. We also show that the Q-factors of the former two BICs exhibit different dependence on the asymmetry parameters, suggesting a viable way of realizing high-Q resonances at multi-wavelengths. Finally, we presented experimental demonstration of four high-Q quasi-BICs at four different wavelengths in the near infrared by fabricating a series of photonic crystal slabs made of rotated elliptical holes and characterizing their reflection spectra. We showed that most of the measured Q-factors are above 1000 for four quasi-BICs, and the highest one can reach 16,764. Our results may find promising applications in sum-frequency generation, four-wave mixing, multiband sensing, lasing, etc.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Apr. 01, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 4, 968 (2025)
Bilayer MoS2 nanoribbons: observation of optically inactive “exciton-free” regions and electrical gating of optical response
V. G. Kravets, Zhaolong Chen, Yashar Mayamei, K. S. Novoselov, and A. N. Grigorenko
Due to large anisotropy and tunable exciton transitions observed in visible light, transition metal dichalcogenides could become platform materials for on-chip next-generation photonics and nano-optics. For this to happen, one needs to be able to nanostructure transition metal dichalcogenides without losing their optical properties. However, both our understanding of the physics of such nanostructures and their technology are still at infancy and, therefore, experimental works on optics of transition metal dichalcogenides nanostructures are urgently required. Here, we study optical characteristics of bilayer MoS2 nanoribbons by measuring reflection and photoluminescence of nanostructured bilayer MoS2 flakes near exciton transitions. We show that there exist optically inactive “exciton-free” regions near the edges of nanoribbons with sizes of around 10 nm. We demonstrate that the “exciton-free” regions can be controlled by external electrical gating. These results are important for nanostructured optoelectronic devices made of MoS2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides. Due to large anisotropy and tunable exciton transitions observed in visible light, transition metal dichalcogenides could become platform materials for on-chip next-generation photonics and nano-optics. For this to happen, one needs to be able to nanostructure transition metal dichalcogenides without losing their optical properties. However, both our understanding of the physics of such nanostructures and their technology are still at infancy and, therefore, experimental works on optics of transition metal dichalcogenides nanostructures are urgently required. Here, we study optical characteristics of bilayer MoS2 nanoribbons by measuring reflection and photoluminescence of nanostructured bilayer MoS2 flakes near exciton transitions. We show that there exist optically inactive “exciton-free” regions near the edges of nanoribbons with sizes of around 10 nm. We demonstrate that the “exciton-free” regions can be controlled by external electrical gating. These results are important for nanostructured optoelectronic devices made of MoS2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Apr. 01, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 4, 1021 (2025)
Arbitrary hue-brightness structural colors with high saturation generated by anisotropic metasurfaces
Chong Wang, He Li, Longjie Li, Xiao Shang, Shengqiong Chen, Huiwen Xue, Peiwen Zhang, Jiebin Niu, Yongliang Zhang, and Lina Shi
Structural colors have always attracted much attention due to important applications in display devices, imaging security certification, optical data storage, and so on. The brightness of structure colors, as the carrier of chiaroscuro information, is the key to making images appear stronger in the spatial and three-dimensional sense. However, relatively little work has been done on the control of the color brightness, and the reported structures are complex and difficult to fabricate. Here, we demonstrate a low-aspect-ratio anisotropic metasurface consisting of a PMMA film patterned by arrays of elliptical-shaped holes clamped by two thin aluminum films. By utilizing localized surface plasmon resonances, we realize a three-dimensional (3D) HSB (hue, saturation, and brightness) structure color with independent brightness control and enhance the cross-polarization reflection, covering approximately 120% of the sRGB color gamut. It is shown that the ratio of the major and minor axes leads to the independent control of brightness of the structural colors. The nanoprinting of HSB images with smooth brightness transitions is demonstrated through elaborate design of the metasurface geometry parameters and CMOS-compatible micro–nano fabrication process. Our findings will facilitate the broad range of 3D nanoprinting and modern advanced display applications. Structural colors have always attracted much attention due to important applications in display devices, imaging security certification, optical data storage, and so on. The brightness of structure colors, as the carrier of chiaroscuro information, is the key to making images appear stronger in the spatial and three-dimensional sense. However, relatively little work has been done on the control of the color brightness, and the reported structures are complex and difficult to fabricate. Here, we demonstrate a low-aspect-ratio anisotropic metasurface consisting of a PMMA film patterned by arrays of elliptical-shaped holes clamped by two thin aluminum films. By utilizing localized surface plasmon resonances, we realize a three-dimensional (3D) HSB (hue, saturation, and brightness) structure color with independent brightness control and enhance the cross-polarization reflection, covering approximately 120% of the sRGB color gamut. It is shown that the ratio of the major and minor axes leads to the independent control of brightness of the structural colors. The nanoprinting of HSB images with smooth brightness transitions is demonstrated through elaborate design of the metasurface geometry parameters and CMOS-compatible micro–nano fabrication process. Our findings will facilitate the broad range of 3D nanoprinting and modern advanced display applications.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Feb. 28, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 3, 772 (2025)
Si/Si3N4/Ag hybrid nanocavity: a platform for enhancing light-matter interaction|Editors' Pick
Tianqi Peng, Zhuo Wang, Shulei Li, Lidan Zhou, Shimei Liu, Yuheng Mao, Mingcheng Panmai, Weichen He, and Sheng Lan
High-index dielectric nanoparticles supporting strong Mie resonances, such as silicon (Si) nanoparticles, provide a platform for manipulating optical fields at the subwavelength scale. However, in general, the quality factors of Mie resonances supported by an isolated nanoparticle are not sufficient for realizing strong light-matter interaction. Here, we propose the use of dielectric-metal hybrid nanocavities composed of Si nanoparticles and silicon nitride/silver (Si3N4/Ag) heterostructures to improve light-matter interaction. First, we demonstrate that the nonlinear optical absorption of the Si nanoparticle in a Si/Si3N4/Ag hybrid nanocavity can be greatly enhanced at the magnetic dipole resonance. The Si/Si3N4/Ag nanocavity exhibits luminescence burst at substantially lower excitation energy (∼20.5 pJ) compared to a Si nanoparticle placed on a silica substrate (∼51.3 pJ). The luminescence intensity is also enhanced by an order of magnitude. Second, we show that strong exciton-photon coupling can be realized when a tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer is inserted into a Si/Si3N4/Ag nanocavity. When such a system is excited by using s-polarized light, the optical resonance supported by the nanocavity can be continuously tuned to sweep across the two exciton resonances of the WS2 monolayer by simply varying the incident angle. As a result, Rabi splitting energies as large as ∼146.4 meV and ∼110 meV are observed at the A- and B-exciton resonances of the WS2 monolayer, satisfying the criterion for strong exciton-photon coupling. The proposed nanocavities provide, to our knowledge, a new platform for enhancing light-matter interaction in multiple scenarios and imply potential applications in constructing nanoscale photonic devices. High-index dielectric nanoparticles supporting strong Mie resonances, such as silicon (Si) nanoparticles, provide a platform for manipulating optical fields at the subwavelength scale. However, in general, the quality factors of Mie resonances supported by an isolated nanoparticle are not sufficient for realizing strong light-matter interaction. Here, we propose the use of dielectric-metal hybrid nanocavities composed of Si nanoparticles and silicon nitride/silver (Si3N4/Ag) heterostructures to improve light-matter interaction. First, we demonstrate that the nonlinear optical absorption of the Si nanoparticle in a Si/Si3N4/Ag hybrid nanocavity can be greatly enhanced at the magnetic dipole resonance. The Si/Si3N4/Ag nanocavity exhibits luminescence burst at substantially lower excitation energy (∼20.5 pJ) compared to a Si nanoparticle placed on a silica substrate (∼51.3 pJ). The luminescence intensity is also enhanced by an order of magnitude. Second, we show that strong exciton-photon coupling can be realized when a tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer is inserted into a Si/Si3N4/Ag nanocavity. When such a system is excited by using s-polarized light, the optical resonance supported by the nanocavity can be continuously tuned to sweep across the two exciton resonances of the WS2 monolayer by simply varying the incident angle. As a result, Rabi splitting energies as large as ∼146.4 meV and ∼110 meV are observed at the A- and B-exciton resonances of the WS2 monolayer, satisfying the criterion for strong exciton-photon coupling. The proposed nanocavities provide, to our knowledge, a new platform for enhancing light-matter interaction in multiple scenarios and imply potential applications in constructing nanoscale photonic devices.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Feb. 28, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 3, 709 (2025)
Single plasmonic exceptional point nanoantenna coupled to a photonic integrated circuit sensor|Editors' Pick
Kamyar Behrouzi, Zhanni Wu, Liwei Lin, and Boubacar Kante
Point-of-care sensors are pivotal for early disease diagnosis, significantly advancing global health. Surface plasmons, the collective oscillations of free electrons under electromagnetic excitation, have been widely studied for biosensing due to their electromagnetic field enhancements at sub-wavelength scales. We introduce a plasmonic biosensor on a compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC) enhanced by exceptional points (EPs). EPs, singularities in non-Hermitian optical systems, provide extreme sensitivity to external perturbations. They emerge when two or more complex resonating modes merge into a single degenerate mode. We demonstrate an EP in a single coupled nanoantenna particle positioned in a uniquely designed silicon nitride slot-waveguide, which we call a junction-waveguide. By laterally shifting two optically coupled gold nanobars of different lengths, we achieve a single particle EP. The junction-waveguide enables efficient coupling of the plasmonic nanoantenna to the waveguide mode. The system integrates a four-port Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), allowing for simultaneous measurements of the amplitude and phase of EP, facilitating highly accurate real-time eigenvalue extraction. For biosensing, we encapsulated the detection zone with a microchannel, enabling low-volume and simple sample handling. Our single particle integrated EP sensor demonstrates superior sensitivity compared to the corresponding linear diabolic point (DP) system under both local and bulk sensing schemes, even at large perturbations. Our studies revealed that the integrated EP sensor can detect a single molecule captured by the nanobars with the average size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The proposed EP biosensor, with its extreme sensitivity, compact form, and real-time phase sensing capabilities, provides an approach for detecting and quantifying various biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids, offering a unique platform for early disease diagnosis. Point-of-care sensors are pivotal for early disease diagnosis, significantly advancing global health. Surface plasmons, the collective oscillations of free electrons under electromagnetic excitation, have been widely studied for biosensing due to their electromagnetic field enhancements at sub-wavelength scales. We introduce a plasmonic biosensor on a compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC) enhanced by exceptional points (EPs). EPs, singularities in non-Hermitian optical systems, provide extreme sensitivity to external perturbations. They emerge when two or more complex resonating modes merge into a single degenerate mode. We demonstrate an EP in a single coupled nanoantenna particle positioned in a uniquely designed silicon nitride slot-waveguide, which we call a junction-waveguide. By laterally shifting two optically coupled gold nanobars of different lengths, we achieve a single particle EP. The junction-waveguide enables efficient coupling of the plasmonic nanoantenna to the waveguide mode. The system integrates a four-port Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), allowing for simultaneous measurements of the amplitude and phase of EP, facilitating highly accurate real-time eigenvalue extraction. For biosensing, we encapsulated the detection zone with a microchannel, enabling low-volume and simple sample handling. Our single particle integrated EP sensor demonstrates superior sensitivity compared to the corresponding linear diabolic point (DP) system under both local and bulk sensing schemes, even at large perturbations. Our studies revealed that the integrated EP sensor can detect a single molecule captured by the nanobars with the average size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The proposed EP biosensor, with its extreme sensitivity, compact form, and real-time phase sensing capabilities, provides an approach for detecting and quantifying various biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids, offering a unique platform for early disease diagnosis.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Feb. 24, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 3, 632 (2025)
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