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Surface Optics and Plasmonics|140 Article(s)
Radiation-type space-time metasurface for arbitrary beamforming by simultaneous and independent modulation of amplitude and phase for orthogonal polarization
Lixin Jiang, Hao Yang, Yongfeng Li, Wanwan Yang, Yongqiang Pang, Jinming Jiang, Zhe Qin, Mingbao Yan, Yueyu Meng, Lin Zheng, Wenjie Wang, Jiafu Wang, and Shaobo Qu
Programmable metasurfaces are revolutionizing the field of communication and perception by dynamically modulating properties such as amplitude and phase of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Nevertheless, it is challenging for existing programmable metasurfaces to attain fully independent dynamic modulation of amplitude and phase due to the significant correlation between these two parameters. In this paper, we propose a radiation-type metasurface that can realize radiation space-time coding of the joint amplitude-phase. Hence, independent and arbitrary modulation of amplitudes and phases can be achieved for both x-polarized and y-polarized EM waves. For demonstration, the dynamic beam scanning with ultra-low sidelobe levels (SLLs) is validated. Moreover, we propose a strategy of stochastic coding and non-uniform modulation to suppress the harmonic energy, thereby obtaining the ultra-low sideband levels (SBLs). Prototypes were fabricated and measured, and all simulations and measurements demonstrated the superiority of the proposed strategy. In addition, the proposed strategy is optimization-free and highly integrated, which has unrivaled potential in the field of compact communication systems and radar systems. Programmable metasurfaces are revolutionizing the field of communication and perception by dynamically modulating properties such as amplitude and phase of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Nevertheless, it is challenging for existing programmable metasurfaces to attain fully independent dynamic modulation of amplitude and phase due to the significant correlation between these two parameters. In this paper, we propose a radiation-type metasurface that can realize radiation space-time coding of the joint amplitude-phase. Hence, independent and arbitrary modulation of amplitudes and phases can be achieved for both x-polarized and y-polarized EM waves. For demonstration, the dynamic beam scanning with ultra-low sidelobe levels (SLLs) is validated. Moreover, we propose a strategy of stochastic coding and non-uniform modulation to suppress the harmonic energy, thereby obtaining the ultra-low sideband levels (SBLs). Prototypes were fabricated and measured, and all simulations and measurements demonstrated the superiority of the proposed strategy. In addition, the proposed strategy is optimization-free and highly integrated, which has unrivaled potential in the field of compact communication systems and radar systems.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Jun. 19, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 7, 1821 (2025)
Microwave-infrared-compatibility enhancement of metasurfaces by decoupling Lorentz resonance of meta-atoms
Huiting Sun, Jun Wang, Yuxiang Jia, Sai Sui, Ruichao Zhu, Yina Cui, Shaobo Qu, and Jiafu Wang
To adapt to the complex environment where low infrared emissivity and high infrared emissivity coexist, a radar stealth-infrared camouflage compatibility metasurface requires meta-atoms with customized infrared emissivity. Generally, the infrared emissivity is determined by the occupation ratio. However, the high occupation ratio will interfere with the scattering reduction function due to the Lorentz resonance from the metal patch. To address the problem, a method for decoupling Lorentz resonance is proposed in this paper. By shifting the resonant frequency of the metal patch to a high frequency, the Lorentz resonance is suppressed in the frequency band of scattering reduction. To verify the method, a single functional layer metasurface with microwave scattering reduction and customized infrared emissivity is designed. The scattering reduction at 3.5–5.5 GHz is realized through the polarization conversion. Meanwhile, the infrared emissivity of the metasurface can be gradient-designed by changing the occupation ratios of the meta-atoms. Compared with the initial design, the improved metasurface expands the infrared emissivity range from 0.60–0.80 to 0.51–0.80, and the scattering reduction effect remains unchanged. The experimental results agree with the simulated results. The work enriches the infrared emissivity function, which can be applied to camouflage in complex spectrum backgrounds. To adapt to the complex environment where low infrared emissivity and high infrared emissivity coexist, a radar stealth-infrared camouflage compatibility metasurface requires meta-atoms with customized infrared emissivity. Generally, the infrared emissivity is determined by the occupation ratio. However, the high occupation ratio will interfere with the scattering reduction function due to the Lorentz resonance from the metal patch. To address the problem, a method for decoupling Lorentz resonance is proposed in this paper. By shifting the resonant frequency of the metal patch to a high frequency, the Lorentz resonance is suppressed in the frequency band of scattering reduction. To verify the method, a single functional layer metasurface with microwave scattering reduction and customized infrared emissivity is designed. The scattering reduction at 3.5–5.5 GHz is realized through the polarization conversion. Meanwhile, the infrared emissivity of the metasurface can be gradient-designed by changing the occupation ratios of the meta-atoms. Compared with the initial design, the improved metasurface expands the infrared emissivity range from 0.60–0.80 to 0.51–0.80, and the scattering reduction effect remains unchanged. The experimental results agree with the simulated results. The work enriches the infrared emissivity function, which can be applied to camouflage in complex spectrum backgrounds.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Jun. 13, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 7, 1800 (2025)
Active control of the toroidal dipole and quasi-bound state in the continuum based on the symmetric and asymmetric hybrid dumbbell aperture arrays
Chen Wang, Meng-Shu Liu, Dong-Qin Zhang, Zhong-Wei Jin, Gui-Ming Pan, Bin Fang, Zhi Hong, and Fang-Zhou Shu
Metasurfaces offer innovative approaches for manipulating electromagnetic waves at subwavelength scales. Recent advancements have focused on toroidal dipole (TD) and quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) modes, which are particularly attractive due to their capacity to enhance light-matter interaction. However, most metasurfaces with TD and quasi-BIC modes exhibit passive electromagnetic responses after fabrication, limiting their practical applications. This study presents both numerical and experimental investigations that demonstrate the active control of TD and quasi-BIC modes through the integration of symmetric and asymmetric aluminum dumbbell aperture arrays with the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). The symmetric hybrid dumbbell aperture array shows a pronounced TD response within the terahertz frequency range. In contrast, modifying the geometric parameters to disrupt the structural symmetry induces a quasi-BIC mode in the asymmetric hybrid dumbbell aperture array. Furthermore, as GST undergoes a phase transition from its amorphous to crystalline state, both TD and quasi-BIC modes become dynamically tunable, driven by changes in the conductivity of GST. Notably, significant modulation of the transmitted terahertz wave occurs around the frequencies corresponding to the TD and quasi-BIC modes during the GST phase transition. Symmetric and asymmetric hybrid dumbbell aperture arrays provide a versatile platform for generating tunable TD and quasi-BIC modes, with promising applications in terahertz modulators and filters. Metasurfaces offer innovative approaches for manipulating electromagnetic waves at subwavelength scales. Recent advancements have focused on toroidal dipole (TD) and quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) modes, which are particularly attractive due to their capacity to enhance light-matter interaction. However, most metasurfaces with TD and quasi-BIC modes exhibit passive electromagnetic responses after fabrication, limiting their practical applications. This study presents both numerical and experimental investigations that demonstrate the active control of TD and quasi-BIC modes through the integration of symmetric and asymmetric aluminum dumbbell aperture arrays with the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). The symmetric hybrid dumbbell aperture array shows a pronounced TD response within the terahertz frequency range. In contrast, modifying the geometric parameters to disrupt the structural symmetry induces a quasi-BIC mode in the asymmetric hybrid dumbbell aperture array. Furthermore, as GST undergoes a phase transition from its amorphous to crystalline state, both TD and quasi-BIC modes become dynamically tunable, driven by changes in the conductivity of GST. Notably, significant modulation of the transmitted terahertz wave occurs around the frequencies corresponding to the TD and quasi-BIC modes during the GST phase transition. Symmetric and asymmetric hybrid dumbbell aperture arrays provide a versatile platform for generating tunable TD and quasi-BIC modes, with promising applications in terahertz modulators and filters.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: May. 27, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 6, 1534 (2025)
Solar-blind ultraviolet imaging with a diamond metalens
Wen-Jie Dou, Xun Yang, Cheng-Long Zheng, Hua-Ping Zang, Pei-Nan Ni, Yi-Yang Xie, Pei-Pei Chen, and Chong-Xin Shan
Imaging in the solar blind ultraviolet (UV) region offers significant advantages, including minimal interference from sunlight, reduced background noise, low false-alarm rate, and high sensitivity, and thus has important applications in early warning or detection of fire, ozone depletion, dynamite explosions, missile launches, electric leakage, etc. However, traditional imaging systems in this spectrum are often hindered by the bulkiness and complexity of conventional optics, resulting in heavy and cumbersome setups. The advent of metasurfaces, which use a two-dimensional array of nano-antennas to manipulate light properties, provides a powerful solution for developing miniaturized and compact optical systems. In this study, diamond metalenses were designed and fabricated to enable ultracompact solar-blind UV imaging. To prove this concept, two representative functionalities, bright-field imaging and spiral phase contrast imaging, were demonstrated as examples. Leveraging diamond’s exceptional properties, such as its wide bandgap, high refractive index, remarkable chemical inertness, and high damage threshold, this work not only presents a simple and feasible approach to realize solar-blind imaging in an ultracompact form but also highlights diamond as a highly capable material for developing miniaturized, lightweight, and robust imaging systems. Imaging in the solar blind ultraviolet (UV) region offers significant advantages, including minimal interference from sunlight, reduced background noise, low false-alarm rate, and high sensitivity, and thus has important applications in early warning or detection of fire, ozone depletion, dynamite explosions, missile launches, electric leakage, etc. However, traditional imaging systems in this spectrum are often hindered by the bulkiness and complexity of conventional optics, resulting in heavy and cumbersome setups. The advent of metasurfaces, which use a two-dimensional array of nano-antennas to manipulate light properties, provides a powerful solution for developing miniaturized and compact optical systems. In this study, diamond metalenses were designed and fabricated to enable ultracompact solar-blind UV imaging. To prove this concept, two representative functionalities, bright-field imaging and spiral phase contrast imaging, were demonstrated as examples. Leveraging diamond’s exceptional properties, such as its wide bandgap, high refractive index, remarkable chemical inertness, and high damage threshold, this work not only presents a simple and feasible approach to realize solar-blind imaging in an ultracompact form but also highlights diamond as a highly capable material for developing miniaturized, lightweight, and robust imaging systems.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: May. 16, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 6, 1452 (2025)
Light-switchable polarization conversion via an optical-fiber-controlled metasurface
Yuxi Li, Ruichao Zhu, Sai Sui, Yajuan Han, Yuxiang Jia, Chang Ding, Shaojie Wang, Cunqian Feng, Shaobo Qu, and Jiafu Wang
A reconfigurable metasurface based on optical control provides a control paradigm for integrating multiple functions at the same aperture, which effectively expands the freedom of control. However, the traditional light control method requires the light source to directly illuminate the photosensitive device, which forces the metasurface to be placed only according to the light emitter position, and even to need to be integrated on the light emitter, limiting the application scenarios of light-controlled reconfigurable metasurfaces. In this work, a light control method based on optical fiber is proposed, which guides and controls the light propagation path through optical fiber. The metasurface can be flexibly deployed, breaking through the limitation of physical space. As a verification, photoresistors are embedded in the metasurface, and the active device is directly excited by the light source as a driving signal to realize the switching of a polarization conversion function. The experimental results show that the optical-fiber-controlled metasurface can achieve linear-to-linear polarization conversion in the light environment and linear-to-circular polarization conversion in the dark environment. This work paves a new way, to our knowledge, to achieve a light-controlled metasurface, which enriches the family of intelligent metasurfaces and has great potential in many fields. A reconfigurable metasurface based on optical control provides a control paradigm for integrating multiple functions at the same aperture, which effectively expands the freedom of control. However, the traditional light control method requires the light source to directly illuminate the photosensitive device, which forces the metasurface to be placed only according to the light emitter position, and even to need to be integrated on the light emitter, limiting the application scenarios of light-controlled reconfigurable metasurfaces. In this work, a light control method based on optical fiber is proposed, which guides and controls the light propagation path through optical fiber. The metasurface can be flexibly deployed, breaking through the limitation of physical space. As a verification, photoresistors are embedded in the metasurface, and the active device is directly excited by the light source as a driving signal to realize the switching of a polarization conversion function. The experimental results show that the optical-fiber-controlled metasurface can achieve linear-to-linear polarization conversion in the light environment and linear-to-circular polarization conversion in the dark environment. This work paves a new way, to our knowledge, to achieve a light-controlled metasurface, which enriches the family of intelligent metasurfaces and has great potential in many fields.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Apr. 21, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 5, 1191 (2025)
Two-dimensional anomalous reflection with high efficiency and arbitrary direction based on a low-profile wideband metasurface
Huanhuan Gao, Xiaojun Huang, Zhengjie Wang, Xiongwei Ma, Wentao Li, Hui Wang, and He-Xiu Xu
The finding of Snell’s law for anomalous reflection enables broad applications of metasurfaces in stealth, communication, radar technology, etc. However, some unavoidable high-order modes are inherently generated due to the super lattice of this local approach, which thus causes a decrease in efficiency and a limit in the reflected angle. Here, a novel, to our knowledge, low-profile wideband reflective meta-atom shaped like a four-leaf rose is proposed to achieve a phase coverage of full 360° by varying the length of the rose leaf. Then, the genetic algorithm is adopted for the first time to encode and optimize the topology of each meta-atom on the coding metasurface to achieve two-dimensional (2D) anomalous reflection with excellent performances through an inverse design. Numerical results show that our optimized coding metasurfaces achieve a high-efficiency (≥90%) and large-angle (θ≤70° and 0°≤φ≤360°) reflection under normal incidence. For verification, far-field measurement is carried out and experimental results are consistent with the numerical ones. Our work sets up a solid platform for utilizing algorithms, especially in artificial intelligence, in the future for arbitrary 2D anomalous reflection with high efficiency and a large angle. The finding of Snell’s law for anomalous reflection enables broad applications of metasurfaces in stealth, communication, radar technology, etc. However, some unavoidable high-order modes are inherently generated due to the super lattice of this local approach, which thus causes a decrease in efficiency and a limit in the reflected angle. Here, a novel, to our knowledge, low-profile wideband reflective meta-atom shaped like a four-leaf rose is proposed to achieve a phase coverage of full 360° by varying the length of the rose leaf. Then, the genetic algorithm is adopted for the first time to encode and optimize the topology of each meta-atom on the coding metasurface to achieve two-dimensional (2D) anomalous reflection with excellent performances through an inverse design. Numerical results show that our optimized coding metasurfaces achieve a high-efficiency (≥90%) and large-angle (θ≤70° and 0°≤φ≤360°) reflection under normal incidence. For verification, far-field measurement is carried out and experimental results are consistent with the numerical ones. Our work sets up a solid platform for utilizing algorithms, especially in artificial intelligence, in the future for arbitrary 2D anomalous reflection with high efficiency and a large angle.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Apr. 21, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 5, 1165 (2025)
Twisted bilayer meta-device for on-demand terahertz polarization filtering
Hui Li, Chenhui Zhao, Wenhui Xu, Jie Li, Chenglong Zheng, Qi Tan, Chunyu Song, Hang Xu, Yun Shen, and Jianquan Yao
Moiré meta-devices facilitate continuous and precise modulation of optical properties through the alteration of the relative alignment, such as twisting, sliding, or rotating of the metasurfaces. This capability renders them particularly suitable for dynamic applications, including zoom optics and adaptive imaging systems. Nevertheless, such designs often sacrifice more complex functionalities, such as polarization manipulation, in favor of simplicity and tunability. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a design strategy for a twisted bilayer metasurface that exhibits both varifocal capabilities and polarization filtering properties. By selecting silicon pillars with polarization-maintaining properties for Layer I and polarization-converting properties for Layer II, the designed Moiré metasurface can become sensitive to specific polarization states. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design can generate on-demand terahertz (THz) focused beams, achieving an average focusing efficiency exceeding 35% under x-linearly polarized (x-LP) illumination. This is accomplished by systematically varying the twisting angles p and q of Layer I in relation to Layer II in increments of 30°. Additionally, we provide numerical evidence that the focal length of the transmitted vortex beam can be adjusted using the same approach. The Moiré meta-device platform, which is engineered to modulate optical properties via mechanical twisting, obviates the necessity for external power sources or active materials. This generalized design strategy has the potential to significantly expedite the commercialization of multifunctional metasurfaces, which can produce high-precision optics across various practical applications. Moiré meta-devices facilitate continuous and precise modulation of optical properties through the alteration of the relative alignment, such as twisting, sliding, or rotating of the metasurfaces. This capability renders them particularly suitable for dynamic applications, including zoom optics and adaptive imaging systems. Nevertheless, such designs often sacrifice more complex functionalities, such as polarization manipulation, in favor of simplicity and tunability. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a design strategy for a twisted bilayer metasurface that exhibits both varifocal capabilities and polarization filtering properties. By selecting silicon pillars with polarization-maintaining properties for Layer I and polarization-converting properties for Layer II, the designed Moiré metasurface can become sensitive to specific polarization states. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design can generate on-demand terahertz (THz) focused beams, achieving an average focusing efficiency exceeding 35% under x-linearly polarized (x-LP) illumination. This is accomplished by systematically varying the twisting angles p and q of Layer I in relation to Layer II in increments of 30°. Additionally, we provide numerical evidence that the focal length of the transmitted vortex beam can be adjusted using the same approach. The Moiré meta-device platform, which is engineered to modulate optical properties via mechanical twisting, obviates the necessity for external power sources or active materials. This generalized design strategy has the potential to significantly expedite the commercialization of multifunctional metasurfaces, which can produce high-precision optics across various practical applications.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Apr. 21, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 5, 1116 (2025)
Broadband transmission-reflection-integrated metasurface capable of arbitrarily polarized wavefront manipulation in full space
Zuntian Chu, Xinqi Cai, Jie Yang, Tiefu Li, Huiting Sun, Fan Wu, Yuxiang Jia, Yajuan Han, Ruichao Zhu, Tonghao Liu, Jiafu Wang, and Shaobo Qu
In modern science and technology, on-demand control of the polarization and wavefront of electromagnetic (EM) waves is crucial for compact opto-electronic systems. Metasurfaces composed of subwavelength array structures inject infinite vitality to shape this fantastic concept, which has fundamentally changed the way humans engineer matter–wave interactions. However, achieving full-space arbitrarily polarized beams with independent wavefronts in broadband on a single metasurface aperture still remains challenging. Herein, the authors propose a generic method for broadband transmission-reflection-integrated wavefronts shaping with multichannel arbitrary polarization regulation from 8 to 16 GHz, which is based on the chirality effect of full-space non-interleaved tetrameric meta-molecules. Through superimposing eigen-polarization responses of the two kinds of enantiomers, the possibility for high-efficiency evolution of several typical polarization states with specific wavefronts is demonstrated. As proofs-of-concept, the feasibility of our methodology is validated via implementing miscellaneous functionalities, including circularly polarized (CP) beam splitting, linearly polarized (LP) vortex beams generation, and CP and LP multifoci. Meanwhile, numerous simulated and experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. Encouragingly, this proposed approach imaginatively merges broadband polarization and phase control into one single full-space and shared-aperture EM device, which can extremely enhance the functional richness and information capacity in advanced integrated systems. In modern science and technology, on-demand control of the polarization and wavefront of electromagnetic (EM) waves is crucial for compact opto-electronic systems. Metasurfaces composed of subwavelength array structures inject infinite vitality to shape this fantastic concept, which has fundamentally changed the way humans engineer matter–wave interactions. However, achieving full-space arbitrarily polarized beams with independent wavefronts in broadband on a single metasurface aperture still remains challenging. Herein, the authors propose a generic method for broadband transmission-reflection-integrated wavefronts shaping with multichannel arbitrary polarization regulation from 8 to 16 GHz, which is based on the chirality effect of full-space non-interleaved tetrameric meta-molecules. Through superimposing eigen-polarization responses of the two kinds of enantiomers, the possibility for high-efficiency evolution of several typical polarization states with specific wavefronts is demonstrated. As proofs-of-concept, the feasibility of our methodology is validated via implementing miscellaneous functionalities, including circularly polarized (CP) beam splitting, linearly polarized (LP) vortex beams generation, and CP and LP multifoci. Meanwhile, numerous simulated and experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. Encouragingly, this proposed approach imaginatively merges broadband polarization and phase control into one single full-space and shared-aperture EM device, which can extremely enhance the functional richness and information capacity in advanced integrated systems.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Mar. 11, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 4, 798 (2025)
Reusable high-Q plasmonic metasurface |Editors' Pick
Qianwen Jia, Junhong Deng, Anwen Jiang, Guoxia Yang, Fengzhao Cao, Min Ni, Jiayi Zhang, Yihe Li, Haojie Li, Dahe Liu, Guixin Li, and Jinwei Shi
Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices. However, these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses. Significant efforts have been made to achieve high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces, particularly through surface lattice resonances (SLRs) and bound states in the continuum (BICs). Despite these advances, a direct comparison between these two mechanisms remains unexplored. Here, we report a reusable plasmonic metasurface that supports multiple high-Q resonances by leveraging hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes. By systematically tuning the lattice constant and dielectric cladding thickness, we achieve substantial Q-factor enhancements of both SLRs and BICs in a monolithic device with a small footprint of 200 μm×200 μm by using an incoherent light source. A direct comparison between these two resonances is also discussed. This high-Q performance holds significant promise for applications in sensing, lasing, and nonlinear and quantum optics, paving the way for the development of next-generation nanophotonic devices. Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmons are crucial for various ultrathin photonic devices. However, these applications are often limited by inherent metallic losses. Significant efforts have been made to achieve high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces, particularly through surface lattice resonances (SLRs) and bound states in the continuum (BICs). Despite these advances, a direct comparison between these two mechanisms remains unexplored. Here, we report a reusable plasmonic metasurface that supports multiple high-Q resonances by leveraging hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes. By systematically tuning the lattice constant and dielectric cladding thickness, we achieve substantial Q-factor enhancements of both SLRs and BICs in a monolithic device with a small footprint of 200 μm×200 μm by using an incoherent light source. A direct comparison between these two resonances is also discussed. This high-Q performance holds significant promise for applications in sensing, lasing, and nonlinear and quantum optics, paving the way for the development of next-generation nanophotonic devices.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Apr. 01, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 4, 1010 (2025)
Significant photoluminescence enhancement of monolayer MoS2 by full-wavelength nanodipole antennas
Yanzhen Wang, Anqi Hu, Qiaoli Liu, Bo Wang, Xiansong Ren, Shifeng Zhang, Yanling Ren, Zimu Fan, Zixin Wu, and Xia Guo
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold great promise as a platform for optoelectronic devices, thanks to their exceptional optical characteristics. Nonetheless, their intrinsic low radiative recombination rate results in diminished efficiency in light emission and absorption. Here, we report photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of monolayer MoS2 through the utilization of full-wavelength (λ) nanodipole antennas. It is revealed that λ antennas demonstrate more pronounced PL enhancement and enhanced directivity compared to the previously examined half-wavelength (λ/2) antennas, relaxing the fabrication difficulty for ultra-narrow antenna gap configurations. By geometry and dimension optimization, a maximum PL enhancement of 17-fold is achieved. Furthermore, dual-polarized cross-shaped nanoantennas are developed to mitigate the reliance of the nanoantenna’s performance on the polarization state. Our method charts an effective path for amplifying the PL intensity of monolayer TMDs, thereby accelerating their integration into high-performance optoelectronic technologies. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold great promise as a platform for optoelectronic devices, thanks to their exceptional optical characteristics. Nonetheless, their intrinsic low radiative recombination rate results in diminished efficiency in light emission and absorption. Here, we report photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of monolayer MoS2 through the utilization of full-wavelength (λ) nanodipole antennas. It is revealed that λ antennas demonstrate more pronounced PL enhancement and enhanced directivity compared to the previously examined half-wavelength (λ/2) antennas, relaxing the fabrication difficulty for ultra-narrow antenna gap configurations. By geometry and dimension optimization, a maximum PL enhancement of 17-fold is achieved. Furthermore, dual-polarized cross-shaped nanoantennas are developed to mitigate the reliance of the nanoantenna’s performance on the polarization state. Our method charts an effective path for amplifying the PL intensity of monolayer TMDs, thereby accelerating their integration into high-performance optoelectronic technologies.
Photonics Research
- Publication Date: Feb. 28, 2025
- Vol. 13, Issue 3, 791 (2025)
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