
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070201-1 (2019)
Recently, a quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme based on GHZ state has been proposed, which could be used to settle the problem that a message is so important that it needs to be signed by multiple signatories, in order to guarantee the message privacy: none of signatories can acquire the content of the message they have signed. Maybe it can be applied to an E-bank system. For example, a large amount of money has to be transferred through E-bank system on the internet. The E-bank system operator submits the request to the bank after filling the application form including payment amount, bank transfer account and some other information. When the request arrives, the bank clerk signs to approve. However, it is not enough, it has to ask the manager for authority, and then it needs to be signed by the manager. In the whole process, all the signatories cannot learn what they have signed, but the application form has been recorded in the E-bank system. So, once disagreement takes place, the bank can track the message sender.
In this paper, we present a new quantum broadcasting multiple blind signature scheme which is based on a three-particle partial entanglement state. Comparing with the original scheme, the partial entanglement state is utilized in our new scheme in place of the GHZ state, and this does not bring down the security of the scheme. Particularly, using the partial entanglement state can not only save the entanglement resource to some extent, but also make the scheme much easier to be realized. As is well known, It is not easy to keep the maximum entanglement state shared among the participants in the whole quantum communication process. By using the partial entanglement in place of the maximum entanglement can improve the new scheme applicability to make it more practical. It is also indicated that multi-qubit entangled systems which are partially entangled can be efficiently used as a resource in quantum information processing with perfect performance.
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070301-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070302-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070601-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070602-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070701-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070702-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 070703-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 073201-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074201-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074202-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074203-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074204-1 (2019)
How to accurately calibrate the lidar data about haze in the presence of some cloud layers over the haze has always been a subject to be solved for data inversion of Mie scattering lidar. It is difficult for laser to penetrate the haze and clouds simultaneously, so the backscattering signal of lidar cannot be calibrated by using a clear air layer when the haze is under the low clouds. For the portable Mie scattering lidar with a detecting range of less than 6 km, it is also difficult to calibrate the lidar signals by using a clear air layer. An iterative algorithm for aerosol extinction coefficient is proposed based on the characteristics of the Fernald forward integral equation in this paper. By specific settings for the inversion process, the difference between the inversion value and the expected one of aerosol extinction coefficient is reduced after each iteration. After several iterations, the difference between the inversion value and the expected one of aerosol extinction coefficient is small enough to be negligible.
The disadvantage of the iterative algorithm for aerosol extinction coefficient is that the inversion results are affected by the overlap factor of lidar. The errors of lidar overlap factor measured experimentally at different times are slightly different. However, the influence about the overlap factor of lidar measured experimentally at different times on the inversion results is slightly different when the iterative algorithm for aerosol extinction coefficient is used to calculate aerosol extinction coefficient.
The results of preliminary calculation show that the iterative algorithm of aerosol extinction coefficient can accurately reproduce aerosol extinction coefficient profile without needing calibration of the lidar data. For the haze detection signal that cannot be calibrated by a clear air layer, the vertical distribution of the haze extinction coefficient can be accurately retrieved by the iterative algorithm for aerosol extinction coefficients. The vertical distribution of aerosol extinction coefficients can also be accurately retrieved by using the iterative algorithm of aerosol extinction coefficients for the Mie backscattering lidar data with the measuring height less than 6 km. Through comparative analysis and research, it is found that for the same lidar data, the aerosol extinction coefficient obtained by the iterative algorithm for aerosol extinction coefficient is closer to the actual value than that by the slope method.
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074205-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074301-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074701-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 074702-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 075201-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 076201-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 076401-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 077101-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 077102-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 077201-1 (2019)
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- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 077801-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 078101-1 (2019)
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- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 078501-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 078701-1 (2019)
Organometal halide perovskite is one of the most promising materials for high efficient thin-film solar cell. Solution fabrication process shows that the recorded power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 23.7%, however, large scale fabrication suffers the inevitable toxic solvent, preventing it from implementing the green commercialization. As one of the matured large-scale fabrication techniques, the vapor deposition is recently found to promise the green fabrication of perovskite thin film without toxic solvent. However, the PCE based on vapor deposition is considerably lower than that based on solution fabrication because of ineffective regulation methods of the perovskite films. So, there is intensive requirement for optimizing the growth of perovskite in vapor deposition for improving PCE, especially, developing a kind of quality regulation method of the perovskite films.
In this study, we provide a method of adjusting grain size in vapor deposition method. The grain size optimization of MAPbI3 films is realized by simply modulating the reaction temperature between PbI2 films and MAI vapor. We set the reaction temperature to be 140 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃ and 200 ℃ separately and establish the relationship between reaction time and grain size during the complete conversion of PbI2 film into MAPbI3 film. We find that the average grain size of the film increases first with growth temperature increasing from 140 ℃ to 180 ℃ and then decrease at 200 ℃, giving an average grain size of 0.81
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 078801-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 078901-1 (2019)
- Publication Date: Oct. 29, 2019
- Vol. 68, Issue 7, 078902-1 (2019)