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2021
Volume: 50 Issue 6
27 Article(s)
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Effect of Fe3+ Doping on the Color Performance of CuCr2O4 Black Pigment
BAI Mingmin, LI Weixin, WANG Shaohua, LI Xinwei... and WANG Yongqing|Show fewer author(s)
In order to improve the color performance of CuCr2O4 black pigment, CuCr2-xFexO4 (x=0,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07) were prepared by co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, Raman, XPS, UV-Vis and chromaticity values. The results show that the substitution of Fe3+ for Cr3+ in CuCr2O4, and theIn order to improve the color performance of CuCr2O4 black pigment, CuCr2-xFexO4 (x=0,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07) were prepared by co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, Raman, XPS, UV-Vis and chromaticity values. The results show that the substitution of Fe3+ for Cr3+ in CuCr2O4, and the valence state of Fe is trivalent. There are no impurity phases. The CuCr2-xFexO4 has well-defined spinel structure, fine grain and good dispersion. The Fe3+ substitution decreases the band gap of pigments from 1.25 eV to 1.08 eV, attributes to 2p(O2-)→3d(Fe3+) charge transform and d-d(6A1g→4T1g, 6A1g→4T2g) charge transform in Fe3+, which increases absorption in visible light(380 nm to 780 nm), decrease L* value and shows good blackness. The CuCr1.95Fe0.05O4 has the optimal chromaticity values which are L*=17.63, a*=-0.77, b*=-1.61..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1123 (2021)
Scallop Pattern Reduction of Through Silicon Via by Multiple Thermal Oxidation
WANG Shuo, YANG Fashun, and MA Kui
Through silicon via (TSV) is a very important part of three-dimensional integrated systems. At present, BOSCH etching technology is usually used for etching of through silicon via. Because etching and passivation are carried out alternately, this dry etching process will inevitably form scallop pattern in the inner sidThrough silicon via (TSV) is a very important part of three-dimensional integrated systems. At present, BOSCH etching technology is usually used for etching of through silicon via. Because etching and passivation are carried out alternately, this dry etching process will inevitably form scallop pattern in the inner sidewall of through silicon via, and its scale is generally from ~10 nm to ~100 nm. Scallop pattern will lead to the unsmooth interface between layers inside through silicon via, which will seriously affect the performance of through silicon via and the reliability of three-dimensional integrated systems. During high temperature thermal oxidation, the higher oxygen flow rate can ensure that the oxygen concentration in the via is nearly uniform, and the growth rate of SiO2 in the scallop ridge bulge is relatively faster. The scallop pattern on the inner wall of through silicon via can be effectively reduced by alternating high temperature oxidation and etching SiO2. For through silicon via with a ratio of depth to width of 8∶1, after four times of high temperature thermal oxidation (the process conditions of each oxidation process are T=1 150 ℃, t=10 min, and the oxidizing environment is wet oxygen) and four times etching SiO2, the maximum scallop ripple decreases from 400 nm to 90 nm. The experimental results show that the effect of this method is very obvious..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1131 (2021)
Design of Thermal Field for 6-Inch Low Dislocation Germanium Single Crystal Growth
CHEN Chen, ZHAO Kun, and HAN Huanpeng
Germanium wafer have been widely used as substrate in space solar cells. In recent years, after the demand for germanium wafer for germanium-based space solar cells increase from 4 inch to 6 inch, the growth of low-dislocation germanium crystals becomes more difficult. This paper designed a double heaters thermal fieldGermanium wafer have been widely used as substrate in space solar cells. In recent years, after the demand for germanium wafer for germanium-based space solar cells increase from 4 inch to 6 inch, the growth of low-dislocation germanium crystals becomes more difficult. This paper designed a double heaters thermal field system suitable for 6 inch low dislocation germanium single crystal by the Cz method, the thermal field distribution in the case of different shapes of main heaters was simulated. The research found that: the thermal field structure of the gradual main heater with the gradual length of L/h=1/2 and the gradual rate ɑ of 65° can obtain the best thermal field distribution, which is conductive to the growth of low dislocation density. It has been verified that the thermal stress of germanium single crystal is reduced, and the dislocation density can be controlled within 310 cm-2 to 450 cm-2..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 979 (2021)
Design and Research on Descended Heat Shield of the Single Crystal Furnace
ZHANG Xiya, GAO Dedong, WANG Shan, PENG Xin... and GAO Junwei|Show fewer author(s)
Photovoltaic power generation has been widely adopted for its advantages such as green, renewable, high energy quality and not restricted by the geographical distribution of resources. Monocrystalline silicon has gradually surpassed the market share of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells with the advantages of lPhotovoltaic power generation has been widely adopted for its advantages such as green, renewable, high energy quality and not restricted by the geographical distribution of resources. Monocrystalline silicon has gradually surpassed the market share of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells with the advantages of low attenuation rate and high conversion efficiency. However, cost issues and productivity issues have been restricting the development of the monocrystalline silicon solar industry. This paper proposes a thermal shield structure of a Czochralski single crystal furnace that drops with the drop of silicon liquid level during crystal growth. To solve the problems of lower crystal pulling speed and stability, as well as the increase of crystal pulling energy consumption caused by the rise of the crucible during the crystal pulling process, taking the CL120-97 single crystal furnace thermal field as the research object, the finite element simulation was used to analyze the flow field of argon gas and the thermal field of the crystal and melt before and after the optimization of the single crystal furnace. The analysis and simulation results show that the optimized single crystal furnace can not only improve the pulling speed and quality of the single crystal, but also effectively reduce the energy consumption of the single crystal furnace..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 987 (2021)
Optical Properties of LPE-GaN Grown in Different Polar Directions
REN Yujiao, LIU Zongliang, GU Hong, DONG Xiaoming... and XU Ke|Show fewer author(s)
The polarization effect in gallium nitride (GaN) will reduce the efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), so the research on non-polar and semi-polar bulk GaN has received extensive attention. The purpose of our research is to optimize the growth of bulk GaN by exploring the luminescence characteristics between diffThe polarization effect in gallium nitride (GaN) will reduce the efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), so the research on non-polar and semi-polar bulk GaN has received extensive attention. The purpose of our research is to optimize the growth of bulk GaN by exploring the luminescence characteristics between different polar directions of GaN and the fundamental mechanism of impurity doping. In this paper, the bulk GaN single crystals with different polar directions grown laterally by the Na-flux method are used as the research object. The optical properties and impurity distribution characteristics of bulk GaN with different polar directions were compared, and the origin of yellow luminescence (YL) band of bulk GaN and its influencing factors were discussed. At the beginning, the optical properties of GaN bulk single crystals with different polar directions by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) were studied by cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL). The experimental results show that optical properties of bulk GaN with different growth polar directions are different. The CL and PL characteristics of ［1122］ and ［1120］ GaN grown in the lateral direction are similar, but the spectra of ［0001］ GaN is quite different. The impurity peak of the photoluminescence contains two shoulder peaks, peak 1 (2.2 eV) and peak 2 (2.6 eV), which accounted for different proportions in different polar directions. We speculate that they are related to the CNON complex and the 0/ + energy of CN defect respectively. Then through time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) element analysis, the distribution of C impurity is relatively uniform. There is a big difference in the distribution of oxygen impurity. In the ［1122］ GaN region, the oxygen impurity content gradually increases along the growth direction. Combined with the increase in the intensity of the peak 1 at 2.2 eV in the PL spectra, this phenomenon further proves that there is a positive correlation between the intensity of the 2.2 eV peak and the oxygen impurity..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 996 (2021)
Numerical Simulation Study on Growth Rate and Gas Reaction Path of AlN-MOCVD with Close-Coupled Showerhead Reactor
WAN Xu, and ZUO Ran
By numerical simulation and combining reaction kinetics and gas transport process, the effects of gas flow rate (NH3 and H2), inlet temperature, pressure and chamber height on the growth rate and gas reaction path of AlN-MOCVD with close-coupled showerhead reactor were studied. It is found that the concentrations of AlBy numerical simulation and combining reaction kinetics and gas transport process, the effects of gas flow rate (NH3 and H2), inlet temperature, pressure and chamber height on the growth rate and gas reaction path of AlN-MOCVD with close-coupled showerhead reactor were studied. It is found that the concentrations of AlN film precursor and nanoparticle precursor determine the growth rate and the gas reaction path. Under the conditions of low Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio(2 000), high H2 flow rate (12 L/min), high inlet temperature(700 K), low pressure(2 kPa) and low chamber height(5 mm), the reaction is dominated by both the adduct path and the pyrolysis path, and the growth rate is relatively high. On the contrary conditions, the reaction is dominated by the adduct path and the growth rate is rather low. There are different reasons for the effects of the above parameters on the reaction path, such as, the high NH3 flow rate brings the precursor out of the growth zone and the high H2 flow dilutes the reaction precursors in the growing region; the low pressure and low chamber height reduce the particle collision frequency and residence time, and weaken the parasitic response; the inlet temperature causes a change in the temperature gradient..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1002 (2021)
Preparation of CVD Diamond Window for High Power CO2 Laser
AN Xiaoming, GE Xingang, LIU Xiaochen, LI Yifeng... and LUO Haihan|Show fewer author(s)
CVD diamond window which can be used in high power CO2 laser was prepared. Firstly, a 2 inch diameter diamond self-supporting film was deposited by a circumferential antenna ellipsoidal cavity type MPCVD reactor. Then both sides of the film were polished, and the film was cut into rectangular samples by laser. An antirCVD diamond window which can be used in high power CO2 laser was prepared. Firstly, a 2 inch diameter diamond self-supporting film was deposited by a circumferential antenna ellipsoidal cavity type MPCVD reactor. Then both sides of the film were polished, and the film was cut into rectangular samples by laser. An antireflective film with the central wavelength of 10.6 μm was prepared on the surface of the sample by vacuum evaporation. Finally, the diamond optical window was prepared. In this study, the infrared transmittance before and after coating, thermal conductivity and burst strength of diamond substrate were respectively measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal conductivity meter and pressure blasting test stand. Using a self-built optical platform, the laser power density that the CVD diamond substrate antireflection coating can withstand was tested. The results show that the transmittance of CVD diamond substrate at 10.6 μm is 70.9%, the absorption coefficient calculated by spectrum is 0.06 cm-1, the thermal conductivity is more than 19.5 W/(cm·K), the burst strength is more than 5.62 MPa, the transmittance with coating is 99.2%, and the laser power density that the AR coating can withstand>995 W/mm2..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1010 (2021)
Effect of ZrO2 on the Densification and Optical Properties of Ho∶(Y0.7Sc0.3)2O3 Laser Ceramics
BAI Yuchen, ZHANG Junyu, ZHAO Hongyang, ZHAO Jin... and WANG Shiwei|Show fewer author(s)
2 μm laser is one of the most important eye-safe lasers, and has important potential and practical applications in military and civilian fields such as medical treatment, materials processing, infrared detection/IR-counter measurement, and atmospheric environment monitoring. Due to their broad absorption and emission b2 μm laser is one of the most important eye-safe lasers, and has important potential and practical applications in military and civilian fields such as medical treatment, materials processing, infrared detection/IR-counter measurement, and atmospheric environment monitoring. Due to their broad absorption and emission band in 2 μm range, high thermal conductivity, and low phonon energy, Ho3+ doped sesquioxide ceramic materials are important type of 2 μm laser materials. In addition, through forming the solid solution, much wider absorption and emission band can even be achieved, which give them the possibility to be the excellent mid-infrared solid-state laser materials. In this work, vacuum pressureless sintering combined with hot isostatic pressing sintering treatment was applied to prepare the 0.5%Ho∶(Y0.7Sc0.3)2O3 transparent ceramics by using commercial available Y2O3, Sc2O3 and Ho2O3 powders as the starting materials. By adding ZrO2 as the sintering aid, grain growth of the Ho∶(Y0.7Sc0.3)2O3 ceramic at high sintering temperature was effectively inhibited. The effect of ZrO2 doping ranged from 0~1.0% on the densification process, its further effect on the optical properties of Ho∶(Y0.7Sc0.3)2O3 laser ceramics was studied thoroughly. After pre-sintered at 1 690 ℃ for 4 h in vacuum and then hot isostatic sintered at 1 600 ℃/190 MPa for 3 h, the transmittance of 1.0%ZrO2 doped Ho∶(Y0.7Sc0.3)2O3 ceramic reaches 79.1% at 1 100 nm (4.4 mm in thickness), which is close to its theoretic value..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1016 (2021)
First-Principle Study of Er-Doped Diamond Defects
TAN Xin, ZHANG Bochen, REN Yuan, CHEN Chengbin, and LIU Yuefei
In this paper, the electronic structure, energy transition, and the effect of co-doping of N and B atoms on Er-doped diamond defects were investigated based on first-principles calculations. First, the defect formation energy and binding energy calculations are performed for Er-doped diamond. The results show that the In this paper, the electronic structure, energy transition, and the effect of co-doping of N and B atoms on Er-doped diamond defects were investigated based on first-principles calculations. First, the defect formation energy and binding energy calculations are performed for Er-doped diamond. The results show that the stable structure of diamond ErV defects is a structure with one vacancy around the Er atom, and the stable valence of +3 valence. The electronic structure of the diamond defect is calculated using this stable structure, and its energy band and energy level structures are obtained. A zero-phonon line (ZPL) of 0.807 eV and emission wavelength of 1 536.289 nm are predicted for the ErV defect. Finally, the calculation of the co-doping of N and B atoms shows that the doping of N and B atoms can reduce the formation energy and increase the structural stability. Er doped diamond makes it emit light in the near infrared spectrum, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of Er diamond color center..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1023 (2021)
First-Principle Study on Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Sr2MoBO6 (B=Os,Re,W)
ZHANG Qi, HAO Jiuyuan, ZHANG Min, LI Rui, and ZU Ningning
Double perovskite oxides Sr2MoBO6 (B=Os,Re,W) have been predicted to be half metals with high magnetic ordering temperature. In this work, the electronic structure and optical properties of Sr2MoBO6 were calculated by first-principles method, and the intrinsic relationships between them were also discussed. From the enDouble perovskite oxides Sr2MoBO6 (B=Os,Re,W) have been predicted to be half metals with high magnetic ordering temperature. In this work, the electronic structure and optical properties of Sr2MoBO6 were calculated by first-principles method, and the intrinsic relationships between them were also discussed. From the energy band structure, Sr2MoOsO6 and Sr2MoWO6 are half metals, and Sr2MoReO6 is a normal metal. The imaginary part ε2(ω) of the complex dielectric function of Sr2MoBO6 all have obvious dielectric peaks in the visible region due to the transition process between B 5d and Mo 4d. Further, the three compounds all have a wide absorption spectrum and a high absorption coefficient. Among them, the absorption spectra of Sr2MoReO6 and Sr2MoWO6 stretch across the whole visible region and even extend to the infrared band. The highest absorption coefficient of Sr2MoReO6 in the visible region is 41.86×104 cm-1, and one of the absorption peaks is located at 886 nm. The absorption peak of Sr2MoWO6 is at 780 nm and the peak absorption coefficient is 41.62×104 cm-1. In addition, Sr2MoBO6 have high reflectivity in the whole range of visible region. The peak reflectivity of Sr2MoWO6 can reach up to 0.55. The response of Sr2MoBO6 to visible light indicates that they have a wide application prospect in the field of optoelectronic devices..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1029 (2021)
Hydrothermal Synthesis of CsxWO3 Nanorods and Their Infrared Absorption Properties
XIONG Yuanpeng, LI Ruixing, ZHANG Yue, KONG Fandong, and ZHONG Qi
CsxWO3 nanrods have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent near-infrared absorption properties. However, the CsxWO3 nanorods synthesized via hydrothermal method are easy to form equiaxed nanoparticles, and the reaction temperature is high, followed by post-treatment. The Cs0.2WO3 nanorods with diameter anCsxWO3 nanrods have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent near-infrared absorption properties. However, the CsxWO3 nanorods synthesized via hydrothermal method are easy to form equiaxed nanoparticles, and the reaction temperature is high, followed by post-treatment. The Cs0.2WO3 nanorods with diameter and length of 10~20 nm and 100~250 nm were successfully hydrothermal synthesized via using ammonium tungstate ((NH4)6 W7O24·6H2O), cesium chloride (CsCl), hydrochloride acid (HCl), oleylamine (C18H37N) as reactants in this paper. The effects of solvents, reaction route and amount of HCl on the phase and morphology of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods were investigated, followed by the discussion of the formation mechanism of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods and the test of infrared absorption properties of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods. The results show adding excess or little HCl are harmful for the synthesis of Cs0.2WO3. Changing the addition order of HCl and CsCl, following the decrease of reaction rate among (NH4)6 W7O24, CsCl and HCl, is benefit for the formation of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods. The infrared absorption test show Cs0.2WO3 nanorods are better than equiaxed Cs0.2WO3 nanoparticles..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1036 (2021)
Synthesis, Structure and Luminescent Properties of a Cd(Ⅱ) Coordination Compound
LIU Yirui, DUAN Minna, GU Xixuan, GAO Yanhong... and SONG Juan|Show fewer author(s)
Cadmium complexes are widely used in the fields of optics, medicine, chemistry and so on because of their unique structure and properties.Hydrothermal method is one of the most convenient and effective methods to synthesize complex at present because of its solvent cleaning and simple operation. A compound ［Cd2(L)2(bdcCadmium complexes are widely used in the fields of optics, medicine, chemistry and so on because of their unique structure and properties.Hydrothermal method is one of the most convenient and effective methods to synthesize complex at present because of its solvent cleaning and simple operation. A compound ［Cd2(L)2(bdc)(H2O)4］(bdc) was hydrothermally synthesized using 2,6-di(pyrazin-2-yl)-4,4′-bipyridine(L), terephthalic acid and CdCl2·2.5H2O as raw materials, the structure and luminescent properties of the complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the ［Cd2(L)2(bdc)(H2O)4］(bdc) belongs to the triclinic system, P1 space group, a=1.002 78(17) nm, b=1.044 25(17) nm, c=1.274 8(2) nm, β=78.559(2)°, and has good fluorescence..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1044 (2021)
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Cadmium(Ⅱ) Complex-Based Luminescent Probe
XU Heng, GUI Naicheng, YAN Da, XIONG Zhi, and HUANG Rongyi
A new one-dimensional chain-like complex, ［Cd(8-aql)2(1,5-nd)］2·H2O (1)(8-aql=8-aminoquinoline, 1,5-nd=1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acidroot) was synthesized using 8-aminoquinoline and 1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid salt as ligands and NaN3 as pH regulator by hydrothermal reaction. And it was characterized by elemeA new one-dimensional chain-like complex, ［Cd(8-aql)2(1,5-nd)］2·H2O (1)(8-aql=8-aminoquinoline, 1,5-nd=1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acidroot) was synthesized using 8-aminoquinoline and 1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid salt as ligands and NaN3 as pH regulator by hydrothermal reaction. And it was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with P21/n space group, and its asymmetric unit includes half of one Cd(Ⅱ), one 8-aql, half of one 1,5-nd and one free water molecule. In complex 1, the Cd2+ has a distorted octahedral coordination geometry coordinated by six atoms. Meanwhile, complex 1 shows high thermal stability under 110 ℃ and displays green fluorescence at 510 nm in the solid state. The emission peak is attributed to π*-π of ligand due to the outermost electron of Cd2+ is d10. The fluorescence properties of the complex in common solvents were discussed. The experimental results show that all wavelengths of the suspension fluorescent are 10 nm to 50 nm red or blue shift and the fluorescence intensity changes obviously. The complex can be used as a fluorescent probe to detect nitrobenzene in low concentration: the linear regression equation shows that the fluorescence intensity has a good linear relationship with the concentration of nitrobenzene in the range of 6.5×10-5 mol·L-1 to 9.5×10-2 mol· L-1, and the lowest detection limit of nitrobenzene is 8.73×10-5 mol·L-1 according to the calculation formula of detection limit. Therefore, it can be considered that complex 1 is a potential fluorescent probe for the detection of environmental pollutants nitrobenzene with high sensitivity, low detection limit and wide linear detection range..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1049 (2021)
Effect of Post Annealing Atmosphere on β-Ga2O3 Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
JI Kaidi, GAO Cancan, YANG Fashun, XIONG Qian, and MA Kui
In recent years, β-Ga2O3 has attracted more and more attention as a wide band gap semiconductor material. A large number of researchers all over the world have carried out a lot of studies in preparation, doping and etching of β-Ga2O3. Radio frequency magnetron sputtering is one of the most popular methods for preparinIn recent years, β-Ga2O3 has attracted more and more attention as a wide band gap semiconductor material. A large number of researchers all over the world have carried out a lot of studies in preparation, doping and etching of β-Ga2O3. Radio frequency magnetron sputtering is one of the most popular methods for preparing β-Ga2O3 thin film. And post annealing is usually used to improve the quality of the film. In this paper, effects of annealing temperature and annealing atmosphere on β-Ga2O3 thin films on C-plane sapphire substrate prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering were investigated. Testing results of XRD and AFM indicate that under nitrogen atmosphere, the quality of β-Ga2O3 films annealed at 1 000 ℃ is better. At the same temperature, oxygen atmosphere annealing is better than nitrogen atmosphere annealing to improve the crystallization properties and reduce the surface roughness of the films. And under oxygen atmosphere, the quality of films annealed at 1 000 ℃ is better than that annealed at 900 ℃..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1056 (2021)
Preparation of NiCoSe4 Film and Its Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
GE Xuehao, WU Jing, XING Dongliang, PAN Wenjing... and JIANG Qingsong|Show fewer author(s)
Counter electrode is considered as a key component of dye-sensitized solar cells. Counter electrode, especially selenide counter electrode, has always been the focus of research. Nickel cobalt selenide film was prepared through the potentiostatic deposition-solvothermal-selenization process, and directly applied to dyeCounter electrode is considered as a key component of dye-sensitized solar cells. Counter electrode, especially selenide counter electrode, has always been the focus of research. Nickel cobalt selenide film was prepared through the potentiostatic deposition-solvothermal-selenization process, and directly applied to dye-sensitized solar cells. Through the analysis of phase, morphology, and surface element valence state, NiCoSe4 film has been successfully synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. NiCoSe4 film displays the sheet-like porous structure composed of nanoparticles. The results from electrochemical measurement demonstrate that NiCoSe4 film shows high electrocatalytic activity in electrolyte based on I-/I-3 redox pair. Dye-sensitized solar cell with NiCoSe4 film exhibits high photovoltaic performance. The corresponding photoelectric conversion efficiency is up to 7.84%, which is higher than that of platinum-based solar cells (6.95%)..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1062 (2021)
Flatband Potentials for Nanostructured SrTiO3 Film Electrodes in Nonaqueous Solvents
ZHANG Huihui, KOU Huizhi, and WANG Haibo
Transparent nanostructured SrTiO3 film electrodes were prepared on conduction substrates and characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. The flatband potential (Efb) of a nanostructured SrTiO3 electrode was determined with spectroelectrochemical measurement in a range of nonaqueous solvents (acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, methaTransparent nanostructured SrTiO3 film electrodes were prepared on conduction substrates and characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. The flatband potential (Efb) of a nanostructured SrTiO3 electrode was determined with spectroelectrochemical measurement in a range of nonaqueous solvents (acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, methanol and ethanol). The results show that Efb is significantly more positive for water and nonaqueous protic solvents (methanol and ethanol) than for nonaqueous aprotic solvents (acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran) due to establishment of a proton adsorption-desorption equilibrium. Further, addition of Li+ has no significant effect on Efb in water and nonaqueous protic solvents, but in nonaqueous aprotic solvents, the Efb shifts to more positive values following the increase of added Li+ concentration..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1070 (2021)
Crystal Structure, Luminescent Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Silver(I) Coordination Polymer with Pyrazine Schiff-Base Derivative Ligand
LIAO Yanzhi, GUO Juner, FENG Ansheng, LAI Mincheng... and YOU Ao|Show fewer author(s)
Pyrazine Schiff base derivative N-［1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene］ isonicotinohydrazide(L) was obtained by the reaction of 2-acetylpyrazine and isoniazid in anhydrous ethanol. A coordination polymer {［Ag3L2(NO3)2］CH3CN}n was synthesized by diffusion method with the ligand and silver nitrate as raw materials, and its structPyrazine Schiff base derivative N-［1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene］ isonicotinohydrazide(L) was obtained by the reaction of 2-acetylpyrazine and isoniazid in anhydrous ethanol. A coordination polymer {［Ag3L2(NO3)2］CH3CN}n was synthesized by diffusion method with the ligand and silver nitrate as raw materials, and its structure and properties were analyzed and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, and fluorescence spectra. The results of single crystal diffraction analysis show that the complex belongs to monoclinic crystal system, P21/c space group, and the crystal cell parameters are a=0.611 70(10) nm, b=1.347 08(3) nm, c=2.018 69(4) nm, V=1.661 06(6) nm3, Z=2, Mr=970.19, Dc=1.940 g/cm3. The ligand molecules form a two-dimensional reticular structure with silver ions as the connecting point. Fluorescence spectrum analysis shows that both the ligand and the complex have better luminescent performance, and the fluorescence intensity of the complex is better than that of the ligand. The antibacterial activity indicates that the complex has good specificity to S. albus, S. luteus, and B. subtilis which has good prospects for medical application..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1076 (2021)
Sintering Process and Electrical Magnetic Properties of Ordered Room Temperature Ferromagnetism Sr3YCo4O10.5+δ Polycrystals
HUO Guangpeng, ZHANG Xiaodong, SONG Hongyuan, HUI Yuyu... and YU Lan|Show fewer author(s)
Sr3YCo4O10.5+δ polycrystalline bulks were prepared by the solid state reaction of 7 processes with different sintering temperatures (950~1 180 ℃), sintering time and sintering times. Based on thermal analysis, XRD and SEM, order phase transition and optimal sintering process (1 180 ℃/24 h+1 180 ℃/24 h) were determined,Sr3YCo4O10.5+δ polycrystalline bulks were prepared by the solid state reaction of 7 processes with different sintering temperatures (950~1 180 ℃), sintering time and sintering times. Based on thermal analysis, XRD and SEM, order phase transition and optimal sintering process (1 180 ℃/24 h+1 180 ℃/24 h) were determined, then electrical magnetic properties of polycrystals were inverstigated. The results show that the tetragonal Sr3YCo4O10.5 fully crystallized at 964 ℃ and formed the ordering Sr3YCo4O10.5+δ by absorbs oxygen (δ) at 1 042 ℃. Samples sintered at 1 100 ℃ and 1 180 ℃ show superstructure peaks of (103) and (215), which verifies the order of polycrystalline structure. The bulks exhibit semiconductor behavior, secondary sintering improve the lattice integrity, grain growth and resistivity is only 0.06 Ω·cm at 300 K, Curie temperature (Tc)~335 K. Hopkinson peak on the zero field colded (ZFC) curve from the fact that the frozen magnetic moments at low temperature turn to the direction of the magnetic field as the temperature rises, the magnetization reaches the maximum at 298 K, and then decreases under the thermal disturbance. Room temperature ferromagnetism originates from the eg orbitals ordering of the middle spin or high spin state Co3+ caused by the ordered structure..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1082 (2021)
Surface Structure and Properties of Ti/Au Composite Electrode on CdZnTe (111)B Surface
TAO Siqi, ZHANG Jijun, WANG Shulei, QIN Meiqi... and SONG Xiaolong|Show fewer author(s)
In recent years, detectors made from cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) have become a research focal point, and proper contact characteristics have become a key issue for improving the performance of the detector. This paper mainly discusses the ohmic contact performance of Ti/Au composite electrode on the weak n-type CdZIn recent years, detectors made from cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) have become a research focal point, and proper contact characteristics have become a key issue for improving the performance of the detector. This paper mainly discusses the ohmic contact performance of Ti/Au composite electrode on the weak n-type CdZnTe crystal (111)B surface, preparation of Ti/Au composite electrode by two-step deposition process.Through AFM, FIB/TEM, XPS, I-V and other test methods, the interface structure, chemical composition and electrical properties of the interface between the electrode and CdZnTe were studied. The results show that the introduction of the Ti transition layer can reduce and improve the damage layer formed during the wafer polishing process, and increase the ohmic characteristics between the electrode and the crystal. Compared with the Cr/Au composite electrode on the CdZnTe (111)B surface, the Ti/Au composite electrode has a lower roughness, a smoother contact interface, and a lower thickness of the lattice mismatch layer. The Ti intermediate layer promotes the interdiffusion phenomenon of the gold/half interface, which is beneficial to increase the adhesion and reduce the Schottky barrier, and the presence of oxygen is not observed at the interface between the Ti/Au composite electrode and the CdZnTe contact.The I-V test shows that the Ti/Au composite electrode has better ohmic characteristics and lower Schottky barrier..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1089 (2021)
Effect of the Compound Surfactant of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Surface Texturing of Monocrystalline Silicon
ZHANG Jiahua, KANG Qiao, and HUANG Shihua
In this paper, a compound solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a texturing additive to replace the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) commonly used at in monocrystalline silicon texturing process. It not only reduces the reflectivity of the texturing surface and shortens thIn this paper, a compound solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a texturing additive to replace the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) commonly used at in monocrystalline silicon texturing process. It not only reduces the reflectivity of the texturing surface and shortens the time for texturing, but also has the characteristics of low cost and no need for regular supplementation during the texturing process. The ratio, concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature of SDBS and PVP compound additives on the effect of monocrystalline silicon texturing were investigated. The average reflectance in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1 000 nm is 9.8% when monocrystalline silicon is textured with the mixing volume ratio of SDBS and PVP of 1∶4, the concentration of compound additives of 0.26%(mass fraction), the texturing temperature of 80 ℃, and the texturing time of 15 min. Compared with the traditional alkali alcohol texturing liquid, this compound additive not only reduces the reflectivity of the texturing surface by about 2% and shortens the texturing time by 25 min, but also has the advantages of low cost and no need to replenish the texturing liquid regularly during the texturing process.At the same time, based on the unique solubilizing and dispersing properties of surfactants, it can effectively improve the cleanliness of the silicon wafer surface. The article also found that by controlling the ratio of PVP and SDBS, the size of the texture can be changed to a certain extent. Therefore, the compound surfactant is a kind of industrial monocrystalline silicon texturing additive with great development potential..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1096 (2021)
Regulation of Gypsum Crystalline and Morphology in Ca(H2PO4)2-H3PO4-K2SO4 System
WU Qin, YANG Lin, YI Yun, GENG Pinglan, and CAO Jianxin
In order to make the resource utilization of gypsum in the process of preparing KH2PO4 from Ca(H2PO4)2, the Ca(H2PO4)2 solution prepared by the reaction of H3PO4 and CaCO3 was mixed with K2SO4 solution. Then the regulation of gypsum crystalline and morphology in Ca(H2PO4)2-H3PO4-K2SO4 system was studied. The results shIn order to make the resource utilization of gypsum in the process of preparing KH2PO4 from Ca(H2PO4)2, the Ca(H2PO4)2 solution prepared by the reaction of H3PO4 and CaCO3 was mixed with K2SO4 solution. Then the regulation of gypsum crystalline and morphology in Ca(H2PO4)2-H3PO4-K2SO4 system was studied. The results show that the short columnar α-CaSO4·0.5H2O can be obtained from Ca(H2PO4)2-H3PO4-K2SO4 system by changing the reaction condition, including reaction time, reaction temperature, SO2-4 excess coefficient (ξ) and CaO content. The α-CaSO4·0.5H2O is formed at temperatures above 95 ℃ and CaO content of 3.0% to 5.0%(mass fraction, the same below), while CaSO4·2H2O is formed at low temperatures and CaO content of 5.5%. Meanwhile, with the increase of CaO content in the range of 3.0% to 5.0%, the aspect ratio of α-CaSO4·0.5H2O decreases. As the reaction time is longer than 20 min and the SO2-4 excess coefficient is greater than 1.4, K2SO4(CaSO4)5·H2O is easily formed, resulting in the increase of surface defects of gypsum crystals. Under the conditions of reaction time of 5 min, reaction temperature of 95 ℃, SO2-4 excess coefficient of 1.2 and CaO content of 5.0%, a short columnar α-CaSO4·0.5H2O crystals with length of 42 μm to 70 μm and diameter of 13 μm to 24 μm are prepared, the flexural strength and compressive strength of which are 5.61 MPa and 33.74 MPa, respectively. The yield of potassium and decalcification rate of the filtrate are 94.23% and 83.80%, respectively..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1104 (2021)
Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Calcium Carbonate Whiskers Prepared from Calcite
YU Yajie, ZHENG Qiang, LIU Haili, XING Run, and LI Xue
Calcite was used as raw material, the prepared heavy magnesium water (Mg(HCO3)2) and the intermediate product calcium chloride were used to prepare aragonite calcium carbonate whiskers, and the products were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration ratio of maCalcite was used as raw material, the prepared heavy magnesium water (Mg(HCO3)2) and the intermediate product calcium chloride were used to prepare aragonite calcium carbonate whiskers, and the products were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration ratio of magnesium to calcium, concentration of heavy magnesium water and stirring speed on the morphology of calcium carbonate whiskers during the reaction of heavy magnesium water and calcium chloride were explored. The best process conditions are obtained through single factor experiments: temperature of 40 ℃; reaction time of 2 h; magnesium-calcium concentration ratio of 6∶1; heavy magnesium water concentration of 0.14 mol/L; stirring speed of 150 r/min. Under these conditions, aragonite calcium carbonate whiskers with a length of 40~65 μm, a diameter of 0.6~1.5 μm, and an aspect ratio of 25~45 were prepared..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1112 (2021)
Research Progress and Application of Boron-Doped Diamond Film
ZHENG Yu, ZHANG Yi, TONG Yaqi, and XUAN Zhenwu
On the basis of maintaining the excellent properties of diamond, such as high hardness, high stability and good biocompatibility, boron-doped diamond has the characteristics of semiconductor and even low temperature superconductivity, as well as wide electrochemical potential window and low background current. At preseOn the basis of maintaining the excellent properties of diamond, such as high hardness, high stability and good biocompatibility, boron-doped diamond has the characteristics of semiconductor and even low temperature superconductivity, as well as wide electrochemical potential window and low background current. At present, boron-doped diamond film is recognized as an excellent electrochemical electrode material. In order to optimize the performance of boron doped diamond film and expand its application space, a lot of researches focus on boron doping, micro-morphology control of boron-doped diamond film, and surface modification of boron-doped diamond film, and so on. Based on the understanding of the structure of boron-doped diamond, this paper reviews the research progress of its electrical and electrochemical properties, and expounds its main preparation methods. This paper also analyze the application status and prospect of boron-doped diamond film as electrodes in sterilization, wastewater treatment, supercapacitors, biosensors and other fields..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1138 (2021)
Application and Analysis of Fluxes in Silicate Phosphors
WANG Ming, WANG Lianlian, LI Linfeng, LUO Xinyu... and YANG Xiaoli|Show fewer author(s)
Silicate based phosphors for white LED have many advantages, such as abundant raw materials, low cost, simple synthesis process, composition diversity, adjustable luminescence, and so on. And it is extensively investigated in recent years. Fluxes play an important role in the preparation of silicate phosphor. This papeSilicate based phosphors for white LED have many advantages, such as abundant raw materials, low cost, simple synthesis process, composition diversity, adjustable luminescence, and so on. And it is extensively investigated in recent years. Fluxes play an important role in the preparation of silicate phosphor. This paper introduces the use of fluxes in silicate phosphor system. The type and amount of fluxes have some influence on the crystal phase, luminous intensity and morphology of phosphor. The results show that adding different fluxes and the different amount of fluxes can make silicate phosphors form different types of crystal phase. The fluxes cation around the activator ions causes the number of luminescence centers to change, which can change the shape of the emission spectrum and greatly improve the luminous intensity, but excessive fluxes will reduce the luminous intensity of the phosphors. The effect of flux on the surface morphology of phosphor is obvious. Appropriate flux can refine the grain, make the grain size uniform and spheroidize, but excessive flux will make the sample agglomerate. The key on the synthesis of high performance phosphors is to strengthen the study on the mechanism of flux in the preparation of phosphors, and to select the appropriate flux and its dosage..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1149 (2021)
Research Progress on Efficient and Clean Recycling Technology of Spent Ternary Lithium Battery Cathode Materials
WANG Haoyi, ZOU Yulin, MENG Qi, XIA Guanghui... and ZHANG Yingjie|Show fewer author(s)
Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various fields due to their high energy density, good cycle performance and low self-discharge. In recent years, the number of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries have increased dramatically. From the perspective of environmental protection and resource conservation, it isLithium-ion batteries have been widely used in various fields due to their high energy density, good cycle performance and low self-discharge. In recent years, the number of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries have increased dramatically. From the perspective of environmental protection and resource conservation, it is necessary to carry out green and efficient processes to recycle and regenerate spent lithium-ion batteries. This article reviews the research status of the recycling technology for spent ternary lithium-ion batteries, and point out recycling lithium-ion batteries should be in accordance of their characteristics and states. The hydrometallurgical processes including leaching and regeneration of cathode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries are introduced in detail, as well as the process of physical repair and regeneration of some spent cathode materials, and then their advantages and existing problems are illustrated. In the end, the prospect and development direction of the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries are prospected..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1158 (2021)
Research Progress of Key Materials for Lithium Carbon Dioxide Batteries
GU Yang, WANG Zhen, WU Hongkun, XIAO Jie, and ZENG Xiaoyuan
Rechargeable lithium-carbon dioxide batteries provide a new method for CO2 capture and energy storage. Although the technology has made great progress from the beginning of its development to today, they still face many limitations and challenges in practical applications. Among them, although the research on the chargRechargeable lithium-carbon dioxide batteries provide a new method for CO2 capture and energy storage. Although the technology has made great progress from the beginning of its development to today, they still face many limitations and challenges in practical applications. Among them, although the research on the charging and discharging mechanism has made remarkable achievements, there are still some controversies. At present, most of the researches on lithium-carbon dioxide batteries focus on the preparation of cathode catalysts, such as carbon-based catalysts, noble metal-based catalysts, transition metal-based catalysts, and soluble catalysts, in terms of improving battery performance. Although the above-mentioned catalysts have significantly improved battery performance, there are few catalysts that can simultaneously meet the requirements of low price, simple preparation method and excellent catalytic performance. This is also one of the factors restricting the practical application of lithium-carbon dioxide batteries. Since the lithium-carbon dioxide battery is a semi-open system, the liquid electrolyte has problems such as leakage, evaporation, and lithium dendrites, which leads to a decrease in battery safety and performance. The use of quasi-solid electrolytes can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems and provide the possibility for the realization of flexible wearable lithium-carbon dioxide batteries. This article summarizes the research progress of key materials for lithium-carbon dioxide batteries, and introduces the charging and discharging mechanism of lithium-carbon dioxide batteries, cathode catalysts, solid electrolytes, and anode lithium protection. The current development status, challenges and development trend has been summarized. It provides a reference for the devel opment of high-efficiency and reversible lithium-carbon dioxide batteries..
Journal of Synthetic Crystals
- Publication Date: Aug. 23, 2021
- Vol. 50, Issue 6, 1170 (2021)
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