Fire assignment is a classical hard NP problem.To solve the problem rapidly and efficientlya nonlinear integer programming model was built up and a new quantuminspired estimation of distribution algorithm (QEDA) is providedwhich combined the merit of global search of the estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) and the merit of local search of the quantum evolution algorithm (QEA).A reasonable encoding method was used and an adaptive quantum rotated operator was designed for fire distribution to improve the iteration efficiency and search capability.Simulation results proved the effectiveness of the algorithm and showed that it can improve the rapidity and accurateness effectively for fire assignment.