In order to obtain the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of NO₂ and explore its pollution status, based on the tropospheric NO₂ column concentration data from the Ozone Observation Instrument (OMI), and the corresponding meteorology, energy, traffic emissions and other statistical data, the temporal trends, spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of NO₂ column concentrations in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, China, from 2005 to 2019 were analyzed through geospatial analysis, linear fitting, correlation analysis and so on. The results show that the NO₂ column concentrations in the past 15 years show a general trend of first rising and then falling. Seasonally, the variation of NO₂ column concentrations presents as winter ●gt; autumn ●gt; spring ●gt; summer, with stable changes in summer and intense fluctuations in winter. In terms of spatial distribution, the high NO₂ column concentration areas are distributed in the provincial capital and nearby regions, with the Xi'an urban agglomeration being the most obvious. Further analysis of influencing factors shows that topography and wind direction have a certain comprehensive influence on the spatial distribution of NO₂. There is a significant negative correlation between temperature, rainfall and NO₂ column concentration, indicating that high temperature and rainfall have a reducing effect on NO₂ concentration. While coal consumption, industrial output value and motor vehicle ownership all show a positive correlation with NO₂ column concentration, indicating that fossil energy combustion and motor vehicle exhaust emissions are important sources of NO₂ in the region. The continuous decrease in NO₂ column concentration after 2012 is deduced to be mainly related to the strong implementation of relevant national and local policies.