We propose a calibration method of the linear cameras used for measuring lithium battery coatings (LBC). First, we analyzed the LBC production system and established a vision measurement system using linear cameras. We then studied the linear camera calibration technology and developed a single-dimensional calibration method based on the LBC production characteristics and the detection requirements. We hence simplified the calibration method and improved the calibration precision. Finally, we developed a corresponding software system based on the technology in use and applied the system for the production practices. The practice results demonstrate that the proposed calibration method meets the LBC measurement requirements in an actual production environment.