Data Science and Big Data Technology is an emerging specialty under the background of New Engineering. Its theoretical teaching system has been preliminarily formed, but there are deficiencies in practical teaching, especially in the construction of the experimental platform. Therefore, this paper puts forward the construction scheme of a big data teaching platform based on Hadoop cluster and virtualization technology, and carries out progressive projected-based practical teaching. The construction scheme is abbreviated as “2+2+2”, namely two functional clusters of Hadoop and cloud computing, two groups of teaching management and resource management systems, and two kinds of applications both daily teaching and innovative practice. Analyzing the progressive relationship of the big data professional practice teaching system, the project teaching is implemented on this platform with the recommendation system as an example. Students’ experimental experience and overall teaching effect have been significantly improved.