In this paper, the pointing error model, which includes the axis and jitter errors, is established based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform and flight environment. Using the atmospheric turbulence model with Gamma-Gamma distribution as the channel transmission model, the bit error rate of UAV laser communication under the influence of turbulence and pointing error is obtained, and the effects of transmitting power, divergence angle, and flight altitude on bit error rate are analyzed. The simulation results showed that when the beam divergence angle is 1 mrad and the pointing error is small, the turbulence had a significant effect on the system’s bit error rate. When the pointing error is more than 0.2 mrad, the system performance is determined by the pointing error. It is even difficult to meet the requirement of the bit error rate of less than 10^-6 simply by adjusting a certain parameter. Finally, the influence of system parameters on channel and bit error rate is analyzed, which provides ideas and references for engineering design parameter selection.