According to the requirements for high-power laser coating components in the construction of high-power laser facilities in China and， based on the understanding of the damage mechanism of laser coatings， our team at Tongji University has proposed the concept of quantitatively controlling defects in the whole process to prepare laser coatings. Quantitative artificial defects have also been fabricated by using artificial SiO₂ spheres with controllable structure and properties. Over the past few decades， we have systematically and quantitatively studied the effects of substrate processing， ultrasonic cleaning， electric field simulation and adjustment， choices of coating material and process parameters， post-treatment after coating， laser conditioning， transferring and preservation of the laser damage characteristics， and damage rules of laser coating components. The validity of the theoretical model of nodule defect electric field enhancement was verified in this study on the basis of the damage morphologies and damage rules， thereby promoting the understanding of the nodule defect damage mechanism. We created new materials and proposed a series of new approaches to improve the damage properties of thin films， realizing the preparation of multi-functional high-intensity laser films that can account for environmental stability， spectral characteristics， and damage characteristics. Our findings will potentially aid the construction of high-power laser facilities and further improvement of laser technology in China.