To clarify the progress of application of different grouting materials in airport runway engineering, the commonly used grouting materials were introduced and different kinds of grouting materials were classified, the physical and chemical properties, reaction mechanism and their mechanical properties were analyzed, and their application scenarios in airport runway engineering were summarized. Comprehensive analysis of existing studies show that cement-based grouting materials and organic polymer materials are often used for foundation reinforcement and road surface disease treatment in airport projects. Organic polymer materials have advantages of short setting time and high strength, and single-liquid cement slurry materials are widely used and suitably priced, but their working performance is poor. Due to the reason of air service non-suspend construction, the airport runway grouting project requires slurry with good fluidity, fast hard and early strength, high solidification body strength, and certain economy. The modification of single-liquid cement slurry by adding other materials can effectively improve its various properties, and it is now widely used in airport runway grouting projects.