In the field of three-dimensional imaging, the accurate dephasing of wrapped phase is an important research area. Branch-cutting and least-squares methods are used to depict the phase diagram of the parcel phase with a single frequency. However, due to the influence of noise or shadow, branch-cutting method tends to produce an "island" effect, and results obtained using the least-squares method may deviate from the true value of the phase. Consequently, a phase unwrapping algorithm based on central curl segmentation is proposed. It calculates the central curl of each pixel in the parcel phase map, divides the area with a central curl of 0 and the area without 0, solves the parcel phase wrap using flood filling and second-order differential reciprocal sorting, and performs phase uplift processing at the regional boundary to obtain a complete absolute phase map. Simulation results reveal that the unwrapping performance of the algorithm proposed herein is remarkably better than that of the branch-cutting and least-squares methods. Experimental results reveal that the phase unwrapping algorithm based on central curl segmentation can effectively achieve the three-dimensional imaging for the surface contour information of the measured object. Moreover, the three-dimensional measurement error of the blade surface is ≤0.08 mm, and the measurement error of length for the 30-mm standard gauge block is ≤0.06 mm.