Atmospheric turbulence is an important parameter affecting laser atmospheric transmission. This paper reports on a self-developed atmospheric turbulence detection LiDAR system (scanning differential image motion LiDAR (DIM-LiDAR) system). By designing and simulating the optical system of atmospheric turbulence detection LiDAR, the basic optical imaging accuracy has been determined. By designing through electronics, the delay and gating time jitter of the system are kept within a small range, ensuring the accuracy of the sampling thickness of the optical column. The comparison observation results between the scanning DIM-LiDAR system and the ultrasonic anemometer show that both have the same trend of change, and the error is small. Long term observation results indicate that the scanning DIM-LiDAR developed based on optical and electronic design can effectively detect atmospheric turbulence profiles. This paper can provide theoretical and experimental basis for subsequent related research.