Adaptive characteristics of a resilient system (plan-absorb-recover-adapt) provide supports for ecological restoration and guidances for coastal spatial planning. In this research, we took coastal area of Mulanwan in Hainan province as a case study to estimate desertification mitigation and adaptation based on resilience theory. We developed a methodology of land spatial planning according to the analysis of vulnerability and ecosystem services in our study area. Our results show that: (1) Dry land and sand (21.8% of the total area) were identified as high vulnerability area, forests, water and wetlands (67.5% of the total area) were classified as areas with high ecosystem services; (2) Redeveloping restoration areas were mainly identified in fishing ponds and dry lands (16.4% of the total area), artificial restoration area was located on dry land and windward side (5.5% of the total area), and conservative zone was mainly covered by sands (15.8% of the total area). System's responses to human-related and environmental pressures can be characterized by overlapping the maps of vulnerability and ecosystem services, which addresses the integrated management and resilient restoration in coastal areas.