The interaction of light and matter has always been a hot issue in research. As a non-intrusive detection method, light can efficiently and non-destructively obtain rich information inside sample. This information either reveals the chemical specificity of the sample and provides a basis for quantitative material composition analysis; or reflects the fine spatial structure of the sample, allowing people to use light as a medium to extract the morphological characteristics of microorganisms and microstructures; or open the time window to observe the sample, using ultra-short light pulses as information carriers to reveal transient dynamics.Spontaneous Raman scattering spectroscopy and imaging technology are important research directions in this field. Since its discovery in 1928, it has gradually become an important research tool in optics. On one hand, Raman scattered photons carry molecular vibration information, which makes up for the insufficient detection ability of infrared spectroscopy at the water absorption window, and provides an important tool for research in the biological and medical fields; on the other hand, as an important label-free detection method, Raman spectroscopy can achieve non-destructive and long-term observation while maintaining sample activity.Since the spontaneous Raman signal requires a long integration time, the imaging speed is greatly restricted when it involves some transient dynamic processes and dynamic observation of living organisms. In order to further improve the intensity of the Raman signal, the Coherent Raman Scattering technology realized by nonlinear optical processes has been developed vigorously. The main methods include Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering and Stimulated Raman Scattering. Compared with spontaneous Raman, coherent Raman greatly improves the signal intensity, shortens the integration time of signal acquisition, and provides new possibilities for high-sensitivity spectroscopy technology and rapid in vivo biological imaging. Since the application of Coherent Raman Scattering, new requirements that have appeared in various chemical, biological, and medical applications are also constantly putting forward new challenges: how to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio, greater penetration depth, and faster detection speed, richer spectral information, and stronger resolving power have greatly promoted the rapid development of coherent Raman technology in the past two decades. By combining various optical field engineering methods, such as polarization, chirp, timing, phase and other dimensions of the beam in the non-linear process of coherent Raman, to meet the above challenges, the spectrum and imaging technology can be used in multiple dimensions and have more practical value.This article takes optical field engineering method as the main line, combing through the development and application of CRS spectroscopy and imaging, and mainly includes the principle of the nonlinear process of the coherent Raman method. The main control methods in coherent Raman scattering spectroscopy: incident angle, timing. Finally, there are more abundant control methods in coherent Raman scattering imaging technology: time & chirp, polarization, phase, and spatial frequency engineering.