Effect of farmland expansion on drought over the past century in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Wanhui YU; Lijuan ZHANG; Hongwen ZHANG; Lanqi JIANG; Ankang ZHANG; Tao Pan

doi:10.1007/s11442-020-1736-5

Journals >Journal of Geographical Sciences >Volume 30 >Issue 3 >Page 439 > Article

Journal of Geographical Sciences
Vol. 30, Issue 3, 439 (2020)

Effect of farmland expansion on drought over the past century in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Wanhui YU¹, Lijuan ZHANG^1,*, Hongwen ZHANG², Lanqi JIANG³..., Ankang ZHANG¹ and Tao Pan¹|Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

¹. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China

². Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

³. Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences; Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast, China Meteorological Administra-tion, Harbin 150030, China

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DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1736-5 Cite this Article

Wanhui YU, Lijuan ZHANG, Hongwen ZHANG, Lanqi JIANG, Ankang ZHANG, Tao Pan. Effect of farmland expansion on drought over the past century in Songnen Plain, Northeast China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(3): 439 Copy Citation Text

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	1910s	1930s	1950s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s
Farmland area fraction (%)	22.78	35.20	49.19	55.52	54.48	58.03	58.60	60.85
Farmland area (10⁴ km²)	4.92	7.60	10.62	11.99	11.76	12.53	12.652	13.138

Table 1.

Farmland area and fraction of farmland area in Songnen Plain from the 1910s to the 2010s

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Test name	Type of test	Land cover data	Simulation time
1910s test	Control test	1910s data	2008-2012
1930s test	Comparative test	1930s data	2008-2012
1950s test	Comparative test	1950s data	2008-2012
1970s test	Comparative test	1970s data	2008-2012
1980s test	Comparative test	1980s data	2008-2012
1990s test	Comparative test	1990s data	2008-2012
2000s test	Comparative test	2000s data	2008-2012
2010s test	Comparative test	2010s data	2008-2012

Table 2.

Experimental design

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	Index	Average value	Range	Climatic tendency rate (10a)	Significance test (P < 0.1)
1901-1930	K	1.33	0.28-1.87	-0.003	no
1901-1930	PDSI	-0.95	-4.29-3.93	0.09	no
1901-1930	SPI	-0.29	-1.46-0.98	0.06	no
1981-2010	K	1.30	0.92-1.80	0.08	yes
1981-2010	PDSI	-0.29	-3.27-2.35	-0.82	yes
1981-2010	SPI	0.08	-0.61-0.98	-0.21	yes

Table 3.

Comparison of drought indices for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

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Years	1901-1930		1981-2010
Factors	Average value	Change rate (10a)	Average value	Change rate (10a)	Variance analysis(t value)
Average temperature (℃)	2.8	0.08	4.1	0.33^**	-8.84^***
Maximum temperature (℃)	9.1	0.07	9.9	0.33^**	-5.55^***
Minimum temperature (℃)	-3.4	0.08	-1.6	0.34^**	-11.44^***
Diurnal temperature range (℃)	12.5	-0.01	11.6	-0.01	9.52^***
Precipitation (mm)	495.1	12.56	516.6	-15.08	-1.05
Evaporation (mm)	791.1	12.70	821.5	18.20^**	-3.05^***
Precipitation days (d)	84.1	0.01	85.3	0.01	-0.81
Water vapor pressure (hPa)	7.5	-0.03	7.8	-0.02	-4.15^***
Cloud cover (%)	46.1	0.01*	44.8	0.01^*	-5.55^**
Frost days (d)	198.1	-1.47	186.1	-0.34^***	8.71^***

Table 4.

Comparison of meteorological factors for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

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	1901-1930			1981-2010
	K	PDSI	SPI	K	PDSI	SPI
Cloud cover (%)	-0.30	0.34	0.23	-0.03	-0.27	-0.32
Water vapor pressure (hPa)	0.14	-0.24	-0.10	-0.46^*	0.51^**	0.38^*
Precipitation (mm)	-0.92^**	0.82^**	0.68^**	-0.94^**	0.77^**	0.60^**
Evaporation (mm)	0.59^**	-0.72^**	-0.55^**	0.77^**	-0.71^**	-0.52^**
Precipitation days (d)	-0.90^**	0.83^**	0.67^**	-0.84^**	0.82^**	0.59^**
Average temperature (℃)	0.46^*	-0.57^**	-0.39^*	0.43^*	-0.40^*	-0.26
Minimum temperature (℃)	0.29	-0.40^*	-0.23	0.29	-0.27	-0.16
Maximum temperature (℃)	0.58^**	-0.68^**	-0.51^**	0.53^**	-0.49^**	-0.34
Diurnal temperature range (℃)	0.51^**	-0.49^**	-0.49^**	0.45^*	-0.41^*	-0.32
Frost days (d)	-0.25	0.35	0.19	-0.06	0.21	0.16
K	1	-0.86^**	-0.75^**	1	-0.79^**	-0.59^**
PDSI	-0.86^**	1	0.91^**	-0.79^**	1	0.89^**
SPI	-0.75^**	0.91^**	1	-0.59^**	0.09^**	1

Table 5.

Correlation coefficients between drought indices and all temperature elements in Songnen Plain

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Temperature	LUCC	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
Average	Grassland	0.04	-0.04	-0.02	0.03
Average	Farmland	0.03	-0.03	-0.02	-0.00
Maximum	Grassland	2.78	1.36	2.24	2.69
Maximum	Farmland	2.78	1.64	2.38	2.19
Minimum	Grassland	1.83	1.90	1.81	-1.86
Minimum	Farmland	1.76	1.88	1.73	-1.91