In this study, the influences of different process parameters, such as the laser power, scanning speed, overlap rate, and distance from the cladding head to the substrate, on the morphological characteristics of the cladding layer, such as the average height of the cladding layer, average substrate melt depth, average dilution rate, and average surface height difference, were explored. Moreover, the prediction of the coating morphology was achieved. An entire factor experiment was designed and the mathematical model between the coating morphology and process parameters was constructed based on the response surface analysis method. The predicted results were compared with the experimental data. Results show that the scanning speed, laser power, distance between the cladding head to the substrate most significantly affect the average height of the cladding layer, average substrate melt depth, and average dilution rate, respectively. Furthermore, the average surface height difference is mostly affected by the scanning speed. The average relative errors of the average height of the cladding layer, average substrate melt depth, average dilution rate, and average surface height difference are 10.09%, 4.96%, 8.83%, and 8.34%, with the $R_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{j}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}^{\left(\mathrm{2}\right)}$ (goodness of fit) of 0.8971, 0.9251, 0.9240, and 0.8545, respectively.