By using the design of the orthogonal polarized light beacon, the single optical path transmission of space beacons gesture was achieved, which provied the conditions for the Satelite-Ground quantum optical link. The transmission characteristic of the polarization through the optical device, especially the coated device was analyzed. A simulation was done to analyze the outgoing beacon light under the condition of the different incident angles and rotation angles. The influence by the phase and reflectivity difference in the optical components was analyzed. A mathematical model of the measurement of polarization azimuth by using the Jones matrix was made to analyze the form of the Malus law in the elliptic polarized light incident. Three-dimension attitude can be obtained by a single Position Sensitive Detector sensor which can receive the beacon light, decouple the angle of polarization and the location of incident light. The experiment data shows that the system has the function of measuring three-dimension attitude of the beacon by a single Position Sensitive Detector sensor. This system provides a solution to the fields of the Satelite-Ground Optical Communication and the measurement of space geometry position.