Comparing the space situational awareness capabilities of aerospace powers, such as the United States, Russia, the European Union, and Japan as the research background, in this study, the development status and trends of space situational awareness systems are analyzed worldwide. Key space situational awareness equipment, including satellite-based, ground-based, optical, and radar systems, focusing on major aerospace powers are focusing on are outlined. Additionally, the study highlights demonstration and verification projects promoted by various aviation powers and the technological capabilities. Based on the analysis and assessment of key technological capabilities in space situational awareness and in conjunction with the current development status in China, this study identifies the gaps in the current space situational awareness system, perception capabilities, and technological reserves between China and other aerospace powers. Furthermore, the development direction for the Chinese space situational awareness field is identified, and suggestions for effectively supporting the Chinese space situational awareness system and capacity building are provided.