In the development and application of aeroengine, the research on temperature measurement technology is of great significance. Due to its harsh working environment and narrow installation space, the accurate, efficient and high temperature resistant test methods are very limited, and new temperature measurement technologies are urgently needed. In recent years, sapphire fiber is the mainstream material for high temperature testing. Therefore, several temperature measurement technologies based on sapphire fiber were introduced from temperature test requirements. Including fiber grating temperature measurement technology, fiber Fabry-Perot temperature measurement technology, blackbody radiation temperature measurement technology, and fiber ultrasonic temperature measurement technology. The testing principles, systems, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies were emphasized, and the feasibility of application in aeroengines was analyzed. Finally, the future research direction of sapphire fiber temperature measurement technology was prospected, which laid a foundation for subsequent research and application.