An adaptive thresholds algorithm is proposed in this letter, which is used to determine the global optimal thresholds for multi-bit quanta image sensor (MB-QIS). Firstly, the senor model of MB-QIS is set up. Then global optimal thresholds theory is analyzed and a thresholds optimization algorithm based on the binary search is designed to determine the optimal global thresholds. Finally, the high dynamic range (HDR) images are reconstructed by the noniterative maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) image reconstruction method. The results of simulation prove that HDR imaging of MB-QIS is realized by the proposed method effectively.