Rural dilution is the process of the evolution of structural contradictions between rural multidimensional spaces and their elements in the process of urbanization, a presentation of rural space issue in the unbalance of urban and rural relationship, and an important project of rural geography in the new era. Based on the urban and rural perspective, the paper analyzes the concept and connotation of rural dilution, and measures the process and state of rural dilution in Northern Anhui Area from population vitality, land use and social activity, explores the temporal and spatial characteristics, influencing factors and forming mechanism with the methods of spatial autocorrelation, geographical weighting regression, and geographical detector. The results show that: (1) In recent 10 years, the rural dilution in this area has been characterized with phased acceleration process. (2) Water resources quantity per capita, farming population density, poverty incidence, diversity factors of income of urban and rural residents, number of pupils at school in the rural unit, number of doctors in rural resident clinic per ten thousand persons exert remarkable influence on the rural dilution in the study area. (3) In the special context of urban and rural relationship, the combined action of urban system control and guidance, and rural system passive response promote the formation and extension of rural dilution. The study provides reference for the research of rural transfer and integrated urban and rural development and theoretical guidance for the precise implementation of rural revitalization and rural planning. The paper emphasizes scientific recognition, timely solutions to rural dilution, and further theoretical research and practice exploration of rural transformation and urban and rural integration. How to deal with rural dilution and lead the sharp contraction of rural space, and how to achieve integrated urban and rural development from the perspective of restructuring the space of production, life and ecology are the orientation for the next research stage. Scientific recognition of rural dilution can provide theoretical guidance for targeted tactics of rural revitalization and urban and rural integration development.