1.06 μm laser atmosphere transmission characteristics are related with weather and zone closely, because of the complexity of the aerosol particles and difficulties of real-time measurement. And it is difficult to calculate the transmission characteristics. A theoretic calculation model of 1.06 μm laser atmosphere attenuation characteristics was proposed. The theoretic calculation was combined with the real information of weather, which realized the real-time calculation of 1.06 μm laser atmosphere attenuation characteristics. The engineering calculation of laser atmosphere attenuation characteristics was simplified by the method. The attenuation coefficients of 1.06 μm laser were found at 2.5 km, 3 km, 5 km, 10 km, 12 km, 14 km, 20 km with seven kinds of visibility through the experiments, and the theoretic calculation model of laser atmosphere attenuation characteristics in Suizhong area, China, was found efficiently, which validated the feasibility of the proposed method.