Bioglass ceramic bone implants prepared by photocuring technology have many advantages in the field of bone repair. However, due to the influence of powder particle size, there are great differences in photocuring printing process, structure, mechanical and biological properties of bioglass ceramics. In this paper, based on the change of particle size in the process of photocuring 3D printing, two kinds of bioglass ceramic suspension with different particle sizes were prepared. The stability, rheological properties and curing behavior of bioglass ceramic suspension were characterized, respectively. Besides, the debinding sintering curve was drawn according to TG-DSC curves, and the surface quality, structure and mechanical properties of bone scaffold were evaluated. At last, the degradation performance was analyzed by skull repair experiment. The results show that the suspension with small particle size powder has good stability and high viscosity, and its corresponding curing depth and over-curing width are also small. The surface quality, structural densification and bending strength of bone scaffold prepared with small particle size powder are better than those prepared with large particle size powder. However, the degradation rate of bone scaffold prepared by small particle size powder is slow. After 2 months of implantation, new bone tissue in the scaffold pores is observed. This study provides guidance for the preparation of bioglass ceramic bone scaffolds with different particle sizes, which will help to promote the development and application of gradient controllable degradable bone scaffold based on particle size distribution.