In order to obtain the optimal parameters of laser cladding process parameters of austenitic stainless steel alloy on hydraulic prop steel surface, the process parameters laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding speed are selected as input variables, and the quality of cladding layer is used as evaluation index to establish a mathematical model. 16 groups of orthogonal experiments are designed. Using adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm to perform optimization, and the macro-morphology and microstructure of the cladding layer are analysed by experiments to verify the rationality and accuracy of the optimized process parameters. Two groups of specimens with similar comprehensive evaluation values are compared. The results show that the best combination of process parameters are laser power of 1200 W, scanning speed of 13 mm/s, and the powder feeding speed of 1.72 g/min. Using adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the process parameters can effectively improve the macroscopic defects and surface properties of the cladding layer, which proves the feasibility of the optimization algorithm in the field of laser cladding.