Ground hourly, daily, and CALIOP data from nine meteorological stations in the Yuncheng area of Shanxi Province from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 were used to analyze the vertical aerosol distribution characteristics on haze and clear days. The results showed that aerosols were mainly concentrated in the atmosphere layer of 0-2 km on haze days, especially the layer of approximately 0.517 km, and the maximum aerosol extinction coefficient was 0.61 km^-1. Within 0-1 km, on haze days, the maximum extinction coefficient was approximately three times greater than that on clear days. There was a significant difference in the vertical distributions of aerosols during the day and night. When the aerosol extinction coefficient was the same, the aerosol height was higher during the day than that at night. When haze events happened, volume depolarization ratios of aerosols concentrated in 0-0.2. On clear days, the frequency of near-surface volume depolarization ratios ranged from 0 to 0.2, which was lower than that on haze days, and the number of small-particle aerosols was greater than that of large-particle aerosols.