The traditional wavefront retrieval method uses wavefront slope or curvature calculated from the obtained light intensity information to reconstruct wavefront. More light field information is contained in the light intensity information obtained from the structure based on micro lens array. Based on micro lens array structure, the four-dimensional parametric characterization and the space-space frequency information acquisition and reconstruction of light field are analyzed. The corresponding relationship between the joint distribution of the light field space-space frequency and the Wigner distribution function is established. A Hartmann phase retrieval method based on the light field information is proposed. A numerical calculation model is established and a simulation is carried out. The simulation results show that the proposed phase retrieval method, which uses the light field space-space frequency joint distribution based on light intensity information, can reconstruct phase for low-order aberration effectively and quickly, and the error is small. The proposed method has wide application prospect in aberration compensation of optical imaging system.